Vezető a Déri Múzeum kiállításaihoz (Debrecen, 1978)

English Summary

THE ARCHEOLOGICAL EXHIBITION The new archeological exhibition of the Déri Museum assorting the finds excavated nowdays in the county of Hajdú-Bihar shows the historical process which took place during period from the Paleolithic Age up to the end of the Arpadian Age in our closer surroundings. The exhibition follows chronological order. Left to the entrance a tableau-collection can be seen about the Paleolithic Age and Mezolithic Age which, at the same time, shows that the Great Hungarian Plain including also county has not got any finds from the time of the prehistoric man. During the spread-over of the revolution of foodproduction to the Carpathian basin a good number of the Neolithical cultures came into being also in our county, and from this time on permanently can be found inheritance of all the peoples living here in the territory. Vitrine first constains the finds of the Middle Neolithic Age characteristic of the culture of our county — the idols of the Körös culture, the vessels and dishes of the group from Szatmár, the painted, engraved, reticulated and brilliantly formed ceramics, the fragment of a pot with a face and the statuettes of the linear pattern culture of the Great Plain (fig. 1.) as well as the bone and stone implements (Smoothed and chipped flint) found in the settlements. The second vitriné gives a survey of the relics of the Herpály culture — which was a flourishing agricultural society in the Berettyó valley in the Late Neolithic Age. The relics of the Copper Age can be studied in vitrines 3—5. The grave-furnitures of the Tiszapolgár culture (vitriné 3.) have been found in a cemetery near Debrecen but ceramics originating from the settlements can also be seen here. (fig. 2.) Copper and gold, as the first metals known during the Prehistoric Age, were treated as symbols of power, (fig. 3.) Besides metals the use of chipped flint and smoothed stones was also quite frequent, (vitriné 5.) The next part of the exhibition is an introduction to the Bronze Age beginning in the first decades of the 2nd millenary, (vitrines 6—12 and the objects standing between them.) Besides the sparsely represented finds of the Early Bronze Age (fig. 4.) the remnants of the Tell-cultures alongside Tisza river (which left behind Tells in layers) are the most important, (figures 5, 7.) The structure of these Tells can be studied on the profile signed by original pieces, and the wooden-house reconstruction made in the original size belongs also to this period. 397