Vezető a Déri Múzeum kiállításaihoz (Debrecen, 1978)

English Summary

The outstanding find of metalcraft from this time is the world-famous Hajdúsámson Depot, (fig. 6.) In the second half of the Bronze Age the custom of urn-burial became general — this is the so called tumulus culture. Its documents are the urns from Egyek and Hajdúbagos settlements, (displayed open) The wider use of bronze spreads from this time on. In vitriné 11. bronze types charakteristic of our county

—weapons, implements, wessels

—can be seen. (fig. 8.) Besides gold, bronze had its importance in making jewels, as it can be studied from the dress-reconstructions displayed in vitriné 12. The Iron Age (vitrines 13—16) In the history of the Carpathian basin one part of the Early Iron Age begins in 700 BC bound to the „Scythians". The knowledge and usage of iron, the spreading of iron tools brought about the boom of the society and economy. The drawn-up eared, thrown and unthrown pots (vitriné 13) were unearthed in the cremation cemeteries of the „Scythians" who kept occupied also the former territories of our county. The greater part of the displayed finds was found in a cemetery with fifty graves in Hortobágy Árkus. The Late Iron Age can be bound to the Indo-European Celts, (vitrines 14—16.) The filigree-worked bronze chainlet, the bronze bracelets propotioned by plastic ornamentations, the costume ornament fit up with a cross-formed part, the neatly worked, arnamented and big-buttoned bronze-fibula have the formal and technical characteristics of the materials of the early Celtic cemeteries. The little cup with a bull-head on it (fig. 9.) which is a perfect pottery was unearthed from the 3rd grave of the Körösszegapáti cemeteryApart from the two-eared Kantharos, showing Greek influence, (DebrecenTócóskert; vitriné 15.') our potter's craft has a strong local colour, even within the Carpathian basin. They may have strengthened and reshaped the Scythian tradition with Celtic symbolics. The ethicoreligious customs, obligatory for the survivals, are proved by the pots and jewels put near the dead. The eared-pot originating from Berettyóújfalu (fig. 10.) and the eared jug ornamented with man-head are of outstanding beauty, (fig. 11.) Sarmatic settlements 2nd—4th centuries (vitrines 17—18.) The Jazig people of the Sarmatics of Iranian origin settled down on the steppe-like territories east of the river Tisza towards the end of the 1st century. On their Artánd-Nagyfarkasdomb settlement house-foundations, stoves and their charakteristic pots (fig. 12.) were found which are determined by figurái, red-glazed, finely worked-out pot fregmants imported from distant parts of the Roman Empire. Iron knives, spindle-buttons and a bonecomb were unearthed as well from their 2nd and 3rd century settlement, (vitriné 17.) 395«