A Debreceni Déri Múzeum Évkönyve 1985 (Debrecen, 1986)

Természettudomány - Szathmáry László: A Factor Analysis on the Cranial Finds of the Early Neolithic Körös-Cris-Starčevo Civilization

László Szathmáry A Factor Analysis on the Cranial Finds of the Early Neolithic Körös-Cri$-Starcevo Civilization Introduction In the 5th millennium В. C. there emerged a characteristic civilization (Körös-Cri§Starcevo complex) on the northern part of the Balkans up to the Upper Tisza region under the influence of the Early Neolithic civilizations of Thrace and Thessaly. Adopting and developing the chief achievements of the Neolithic economic revolution in conformity with the local conditions this complex attached to the highly cultured civilizations of Asia Minor very slightly. The articulation of its material remains reflects regional characteristics. The Starcevo culture primarily formed on the North-Balkans, the Cris group in Transsylvania and Moldavia while the Körös group in the south of the Hungarian Great Plain. The two latter groups can be joined as Körös-Cris culture because of the continuous territorial and cultural mergence, which is expressed in the archaeological material, as well (Brukner, 1966, 1969, Dimitrijevic, 1966,1969, Kalicz and Makkay, 1972, Kutzián, 1944, Lazarovici, 1979, Makkay, 1982, Srejovic, 1972, Trogmayer, 1968, 1969, Vlassa, 1976). A relatively large number of publications make mention of the anthropological finds for their number. For all that the anthropological connexions within the complex have not been cleared up yet. Information can be obtained about the skeletal finds of the Körös-Cris culture from the works of Farkas (1975a, 1975b, 1976, 1977a, 1977b), Farkas and Marcsik (1975), Kiszely (1969, 1979), Kiszely and Schwidetzky (1978), Lipták (1975, 1980), Menk (1980), Necrasov (1961, 1965, 1979), Necrasov and Cristescu (1961, 1965, 1967, 1971, 1973), Necrasov, Cristescu and Antoniu (1968), Nemeskéri (1944, 1956, 1961), Russu and Mares (1956), Russu, Serban, Vlassa, Galamb and Motioc (1962), Szathmáry (1980a, 1980b, 1981, 1982a, 1982b, 1983a, 1983b), Tóth (1977), Trogmayer (1964, 1968, 1969) and Zoffmann (1976, 1980)*. The finds of the Starcevo culture are touched upon by the studies of Brukner (1960), Garasanin (1959), Gubitza (1905), Mikic (1975, 1977, 1981), Nemeskéri (1972), Szathmáry (1981, 1982a, 1982b, 1983a, 1983b) and Zoffmann (1976, 1978, 1980). Among the comprehensive works, Farkas (1975a) has referred to the southern (Balkan)' connections of the Körös group; Necrasov and Cristescu (1965) has laid stress upon the importance of the relationships directing to the Balkans and to the Carpathian Basin. The divergences between the Mesolithic finds and the Early Neolithic (i.e. Starcevo or of Starcevo age) ones have been set forth by Mikic (1977). In her two findsregisters Zoffmann (1976,1980) has emphasized the anthropological heterogeneity of the whole of the complex; while Szathmáry (1982a, 1983a) has made an attempt at separating the local and the immigrant variants, with an outlook to the Balkans. The present study primarily aims at unfolding the anthropological differences within * The anthropological finds of Oradea-Szalka does not represent the Cris culture group (grateful thanks for Vlassa's kind verbal message — 1981). The cultural and chronological situation of the skeletons of Szentes-Jaksorpart is unfixed (Cp. Farkas, 1975a, Trogmayer, 1968). 17