Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. A Szent István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 30. 2000 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (2001)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Horváth Tünde – Kozák Miklós – Pető-Farkas Anna: The complex investigation of the stone artefacts from Vatya-earthworks of Fejér county. Part. I. p. 7–20. t. I–XII.

the 1., near the eastern side of the earthwork. On this 33 square metre surface between 97 and 246 cm depth there were 8 layers separated. There were several excavated house-types: A/ pit-house, covered with reed-twig or leather B/ mud-like house, plastered clay floor, covered with reed-twig or leather C/ floor made of clay and twig, ascending walls, made of clay. The excavator found 6-7 houses, and the 4th House (2

n Trench) had 5 postholes. The base of the finds the earthwork was built in the 2nd Half of the Vatya culture (Middle Bronze Age). (Kovács 1963, 131.) List of stone implements: 1: 2. Trench, 7. Spade-trace. Hemispherical grinding stone, fragment, small size, middle rough grain, the grinding surface is smooth from the use, worn, with red ochre-spots, the tool is fine-worked. Size: ?, Raw mat.: Gritstone-fine conglomerate. Inv. No.: 60.115.4. 2 a,b: Two pieces of stone: one of them is an undeterminable fragment with one polished face. Size: 101x94x50 mm, Raw mat.: The other is a piece of raw material, whirling stone with red-yellow limonite, the lower part is black. Coloured matter? Size: 90x75x4, Raw material: Metamorphite. Inv. No.: 60.101.5. Appreciation: The excavated territory was very small (50 square metres), and among the archaeological finds there were only 3 stones. The grinding stone (typical hemispherical, small size) refers to the cereal processing, and we can find some characteristic marks of the paint too on it. The last stones were not tools, just raw materials, among them a coloured lump (maybe it was the base-raw material of the ground paint). The material of the stone implements came from the area of Velence-Mts. (granite, metamorphite) and the edge of Buda-hills (conglomerate). Pictures: Plate 111.: The map of the earthwork after Nováki, 1952, 6. The details of the earthwork in 2000 60.115.4.: grinding stone, red ochre spots on the grinding surface Igar-Vámpuszta-Galástya Geographical description: A plateau rises under the SE side of Vámospuszta, in the south corner of this the so-called Galástya is situated. The surrounding of the earthwork is a loess plateau (socalled Kálóz-Igar) inside the area of West-Mezőföld, which was divided by meridional valleys (Marosi, 1990). After the Pliocene fluvio-lacustrical sedimentation there was a fluvial accumulation parallel with tectonical events. This effects uplifted the area asymmetrically. At present the plateau is a good-quality agricultural region because of the soil (black earth). The west side of the earthwork slopes steeply downward to the plain, the south side finishes in 8-10 m deep abysses in some places. On the northern and eastern sides a 50-60 m wide fosse parts the plateau. This fosse originally was arisen on natural way, but its regular shape shows that it was transformed because of the defence. The territory of the earthwork was destroyed recently, and there is not exactly determinable edge of the hill, because the agricultural levels and annihilated it. The isolated situation is the only trace of the former fortification. The length of the settlement - in this state - is 194 m, the greatest width is 60m. On the surface we can find many pottery from the Bronze Age. In 1969 and 1973 there were surveys on the territory, and in 1972, 1973 and 1974 there were excavations (Tellstudy archaeological group). The fortified Bronze Ageearthwork is the southernmost one in Fejér county, in the flood area of Sió, looks at the northern slopes of the Mecsek (it means a closely quarry of local stone). Double earthwork, very much stirred, nowadays there are orchard and vineyard in the area. The little earthwork contains only one layer. In the Great Earthwork the archaeological evidences separated 3 layers, the upper from the Koszider-period, and the younger from Vatya-culture. In 1973, the great part excavated was 2

nd period and Koszider-phase. In 1974 the excavators found the older Nagyrév pits after the Vatya-layers. The excavators opened 3 sections, in both parts of the earthwork, they could catch 2 large-sized houses with more plastered floor-layers. They experienced that under the Vatya-layers appeared a separated layer between the features of the Vatya and Nagyrév culture. (Pesty 1864-65, 105., Wosinsky 1896, 280, 510., Nováki 1952, П., Bandi 1973, П., Petres-Bándi-Kovács 1974, 9., Cserményi 1993) List of stone implements: 3: 1972/2/f pit: hemispherical grinding stone, with very high lateral faces, half fragment, middle-grain, the grinding surface is spongy with scratch, the tool is fine-worked. Size: 150x93x153 mm, grind, surf: 145x145, Raw mat.: Gritstone-fine conglomerate with siliceous cementation. 4: 1972/2/a pit: grinding slab, fragment, on the grinding surface there is a fracture across, trough, fine grain, black and brown spots in the lower and the upper corner: separated grinding, remains of the grinding material. The tool is roughly worked, the lateral edges damaged. Size: 250x150x60 mm, Raw mat.: Micaceous medium-grained sandstone. 5: 1972/2/a, 1-2 spade-trace: small sized, fiat hemispherical grinding stone, the grinding surface is orange colour, medium size, pebbly grain, spongy from the long use. The tool is roughly worked. The grinding surface is ellipse, with irregular edges. Size: 230x150x30, the grinding surf.: 230x150, Raw mat.: Gritstone with siliceous cementation. 6: 1972/4/b pit: rough grained grinding stone, middle fragment, hemispherical, high lateral faces. The grinding surface is smooth from the use, mildly trough. Size: 125x173x73 mm, Raw mat.: Fine conglomerate with siliceous cementation. 7: 1973/1 /c/-70—

120: red, porous-whirling grain sandstone-piece, one face is smooth, fragment of a grinding-polishing stone, and colouring matter too? Size: 80x79x45 mm, Raw mat.: Gritstone-fine conglomerate with siliceous cementation. 8: 1973/l/c/-70—

120: end fragment of a grinding stone, hemispherical, medium grain. Size: 12x40x50 mm, Raw mat.: Micaceous medium-grained sandstone. 8