Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 8.-9. 1967-1968 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1968)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga, K.: Reconstruction on the tenth Century Population of Sárbogárd on the Basis of Archaeoloogical and Anthropological Data. – A sárbogárdi X. századi közösség rekonstrukciója régészeti és embertani adatok alapján. VIII–IX, 1967–68. p. 93–147. t. XXVI–XLV.

Sutura mendosa: Frequency in the total material: 5.5%. Observable only among females. Ossa wormiana. Frequency in the total population: 72.4%. Occurs with equal frequency among males and females. Os praeinterparietale. Low fequency in the total population: 2.6% Occurred among one child and one female. Canalis nervi hypoglossi division. Most common is the undivided canal: 66.1%. Second comes the left-sided division of the canal with a relatively high value: 22.0%. The division of both sides and the division of the rightside canal have a small frequency. I could observe no significant differences between the sexes. In practice only undivided canal occurred among children. Asymmetry in size of fossa jugularis. The right fossa is larger in 64.4% of the cases. Fossae equally large on both sides and larger fossa on the left side approximately occur with equal frequency. In this regard I could observe no more significant differences between males and females

. Among children the most common occurrence was equal fossa on both sides. As we can see in the Sárbogárd series the frequency of a few anatomical variations is relatively high. Such are the sutura metopica (14,5%) and the os epiptericum (40,4%). Both values are higher than the data reported in literature. (I noted the presence of the sutura metopica even in those cases when the suture was observable on only a small section. I noted the presence of the os epiptericum in all those cases in which I could find independent suture-bone in the pterion region without regard to the size and whether it was present on one or both sides.) The following observation was made on the occurrence of the anatomical variations according to age groups: cribra orbitalia is the only trait observed exclusively in childhood (with the exception of one Juvenis case). This agrees with the data in literature. In childhood the following traits occur with greater frequency: crista metopica, sutura angularis posterior inferior, canalis nervi hypoglossi and symmetry in size of the fossa jugularis. The traits missing in childhood are the following : torus palatínus, sutura mendosa, division of the canalis nervi hypoglossi and asymmetry in size of fossa jugularis. These latter traits (evidently with the exception of the sutura mendosa) develop with the advance of age. In case of torus palatínus this hypothesis is supported by the studies of J. Jörgensen on Greenland Eskimos : no torus palatínus was found in the Infans I. age group while in the Infans II. it was. Experts consider the asymmetry of the fossa jugularis to be a pathological phenomenon and treat it as a narrowing of the foramen jugulare.

18 If we examine the anatomical variations according to the differences between sex, we can make the following observations. Crista metopica, straight sutura palatina transversa and normal H-shaped pterion more frequently occur among males. Torus palatínus, backward convex sutura palatina transversa, os epiptericum and sutura mendosa are more frequent among females. Since I found only a few data in the literature concerning normal "" J. B. J0RGENSEN: The Eskimo Skeleton (Kobenhavn 1953). 78

Gy. REGÖLY-MÉREI: Paleopathologia II. Az ősemberi és későbbi emberi maradványok rendszeres kórbonctana (The systematic Pathology of the Ancient Man) (Bp. 1962). variation when examining the anatomic variation accord ing to sexes, I cannot adequately evaluate the differences in Sárbogárd. At any rate it seems that the sexual differences of the sutura palatina transversa, the shape of pterion and the sutura mendosa are greater than it should be expected in a homogeneous population. From this we may conclude that a part of the males and females of Sárbogárd had different origin. 7. Pathology Knowledge of the pathological state of a population is closely associated to biological reconstruction and may contribute important elements to it. For this reason I examined tho the macro structural pathological lesions on the bones of Sárbogárd and in the following I shall present the statistical incidence of these. The pathological cases are described on the basis of Hungarian and foreign publications. I am greatly indebted to L. Harsányi who checked my diagnoses and in a few instances corrected or made additions to them. (Plate XLV) A. Anomalies of Development a. Irregular ossification of sutures. Two cases may be listed. Scaphocephaly caused the complete ossification of the sutura sagittalis of a three-year old child. The premature ossification of the sutura coronalis and sagittalis caused a slight microcephalic character to develop in a female of the Maturus group. (Capacity: 1140 cm

3

). b. Cranial deformation. Moderate plagiocephaly could be determined in five cases. с Spina bifida. In the case of a female this temporarily occurred on the sacrum and epistropheus ; in the case of a male on the sacrum. d. Sacralization. The complete or partial sacralization of the last lumbar vertebra was observable on two males and a female. e. Partial lumbarization. Largely the dorsal side of the first segment of the sacrum developed into an independent vertebra. The four cases found were all males. f. Extra vertebra. Thirteen dorsal vertebrae could be observed on a female skeleton. g. Dental anomalies. Their occurence was found among males. Absent or retarded teeth: In one instance the first premolar was missing and in another case the first molar was missing. In two instances the developed upper canines impacted in the maxilla. (I do not include here the impacted or absent third molars). Milk-teeth or retention of roots of milk teeth: This could be observable in four instances. Rudimentary teeth: These were observable in four instances. Crowding of teeth: Occurred only among the lower incisors, to a slight degree in five cases. 79 L. PALES: Paléopathologie et pathologie comparative (Paris 1930); К. E. SCHREINER: Zur Osteologie der Lappen I-II. (Oslo 1935); J. NEMESKÉRI - M . DEÁK: Arch. Ért. 79 (1952) 49-67; J. NEMESKÉRI-L. HARSÁNYI: Homo 10 (1959) 203-226; G. GÁSPÁRDY-J. NEMESKÉRI: Acta Morph. 9 (1960) 203-219; N. G. GEJVALL: Westerhus. Medieval Population and Church in the Light of Skeletal Remains (Lund 1960); D. BROTHWELL: JRAI 91 (1961) 318-344; id: Digging up Bones (London 1963); Gy. REGÖLY-MÉREI: op. cit.; L. HARSÁNYI-J. NEMESKÉRI: Anthr. Hung. 6 (1963) 154-158; D. G. ROHLIN: MIA 109 (1963) 450-529. 119