Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 8.-9. 1967-1968 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1968)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga, K.: Reconstruction on the tenth Century Population of Sárbogárd on the Basis of Archaeoloogical and Anthropological Data. – A sárbogárdi X. századi közösség rekonstrukciója régészeti és embertani adatok alapján. VIII–IX, 1967–68. p. 93–147. t. XXVI–XLV.

od

43

. The calculation of parameters was done by the usual methods.

44 Table 23 included the data of the representation values of the skeletal bones, sex and age of the 100 discovered individuals. Table 24 included the parameters of all the measurements and indices in the Adultus + Maturus age group. Table 25 contains the frequencies of some of the taken descriptive characteristics of adults between 23 and 59 years of age. The more important individual cranial data of adults between 23 and 59 years of age were listed in Table 26 and 27. 1. Qualitative and Quantitative Representation of the Skeletal Finds The suitability of the osteological material of a historical population for scientific study is determined by the viewpoints examined. For instance in case of studying general biological laws the volume of the material is the first decisive prerequisite. When examining ethnogenetic questions the archaeological authenticity is of primary importance. In case of these different examinations it is generally necessary that the available bones represent a high value both qualitatively and quantitatively. The quality of the material is the more important aspect, but this depends on quantity. In order to judge quality of any sort it is necessary to have bones. Thus the most important factor which has to be considered before beginning the anthropological study is quantity and quality, the representation of the material. The calculations of the representation of the series were done with the method of K. K. Éry — A. Kralovánszky — J. Nemeskér i.

45 The quantitative representation value of the osteological material (100 individuals) of Sárbogárd is 0.63. The qualitative representation value is 0.48. This figure shows that 63% of the bones were available for anthropological study although actually only 48% were intact. The general quantitative and qualitative representation value of the bone remains of individuals belonging to different ages and sexes shows the distribution in Sárbogárd as given in Table 6. The quantitative representation values of the Adultus + Maturus age group most significant for the study are relatively high for both sexes. The qualitative representation value is, however, low for both sexes and during the study on several occasions it limited the possibility of making observations and reduced the validity or rather extent of the possible conclusions. 2. Sex-Dimorphism The sex-determination of the skeletal remains over 15 years of age was done with the method of K. K. Éry — A. Kralovánszky — J. Nemeskéri

46 on the basis of 22 characteristics with repeated control examinations. In addition. I noted the lack of sulcus praeauricularis, i.e. the degree of its presence. Information about the sex dimorphism of a population « G. OLIVIER: Bull, et Mém. Soc. Anthr. 4 Ser. XI (1963) 433-449. 44 E. WEBER: Grundriss der biologischen Statistik für Naturwissenschaftler, Landwirte und Mediziner (Jena, 4th ed. 1961). 45 K. K. ÉRY-A. KRALOVÁNSZKY-J. NEMESKÉRI: Anthr. Közl. 7 (1963) 41-90. 46 Ibid. can be gained in two ways, first by analyzing the metrica data and secondly by the morphological traits. a) Se x

—d imorphism in metrical data When we compiled an index from the mean values of the male and female measurements ——-> we can get a good picture of the sex-dimorphism of the particular measurement. I computed the sex-dimorphism index from the means of the more important skeletal measurements of 23—59 year old individuals. Then in the manner suggested by A. T h о m a I computed the variance of the indices around 100,0 (V

100

), which provides information about the general extent of dimorphism. In order to properly evaluate the degree of sex-dimorphism of cranial measurements, let us compare the values of Sárbogárd with 10 series from approximately the same period. As we learn from the data of Table 7, the Sárbogárd dimorphism of 26,6 is a relatively high value. Now let us examine the dimorphism values of the population of Sárbogárd in an experimental way by comparing them to the values of two relatively homogeneous populations. One is a Lapp series which is generally known to have a small dimorphism and the other is a Swedish series which is known to have a high dimorphism. The data from post-cranial bones are also available for these series and thus the degree of dimorphism can be examined for the entire skeleton. According to Table 8 the post-cranial bones are more ' expressive of the degree of dimorphism than the skull. It may also be noted that from the values of the dimorphism of the skull we cannot decide with certainty whether the post-cranial bones show a dimorphism of a similar order of magnitude. Although the dimorphism of the cranial measurements of Sárbogárd is higher than these of the Lapps and Swedes, the dimorphism of skeletal bones is higher than that of the former while lower than that of the latter. It is interesting to find that the generally known low dimorphism of the Lapps and the high dimorphism of the Swedes are not due to their cranial measurements, but rather to their skeletal bones. From all these we may conclude that only the complete skeleton can be used to correctly determine the metric sex-dimorphism of a population. On the basis of the 10—11th century series introduced now let us briefly examine the degree to which dimorphism is reflected by cranial mesaurements. I divided into four groups the obtained sex-indices: between 85.0—89.9 dimorphism is very marked; between 90.0—94.9 dimorphism is marked; between 95.0—99.9 dimorphism is slight as it is also between 100.0—104.9 but in this case the female measurements exceeded the male measurements. Table 9 shows that generally speaking the measurements of the brain case reflect a slight dimorphism, while the measurements of the facial skeleton show a more marked dimorphism. An exception is only the height of the orbits which also shows a slight degree of dimorphism. Similar features are also displayed by the sex indices of the measurements of the population of Sárbogárd. 114