Múzeumi Füzetek Csongrád 5. (Csongrád, 2002.)

Deák József Áron: A Csongrád környéki táj története a XVIII. század végétől napjainkig élőhelytérképek tükrében

bare rocks, thinned out vegetation on loes, rocks and alcali-soda areas as well as for burnt down areas. The damp areas include fresh-water swamps, alcali-soda swamps, mined peat-bogs, peatbogs with shrubs and trees. The water-surfaces are categorized into habitats like rivers, channels, natural fresh-water lakes, natural alcali-soda lakes, artificial lakes and water-storages, fishing-lakes. The agricultural habitats in the CLC are as well worked out as in the m-ANER. The categories are very much the same. Although there are plus categories like green houses, and the orchards are divided into fruittree, berry, kiwi, hop, and oil-rose cultures. There are 7 categories for the mixed landscape used small-field dominated areas, which are grouped according to the leading cultivation. Among the category-systems the CLC is the most useful for urban ecological planning as it contains numerous categories like modern cities, old city centres, housing estates, suburbs, industrial and commercial, agricultural, educational and healthcare, special technological establishments as well as roads, railtracks, piers, airports, mines, quarries, solid and fluid waste storages, building working-places, parks, cemeteries, sport and leasure areas. Because of the less descriptive categories of the natural biotops of CLC, the CET (CORINE biotop-map) (Molnár-Horváth et al. 2001) was also created. The CET is more general than the mANER (groups its categories into bigger ones), but finer than the CLC. The CET includes categories just for natural and semi-natural biotops so the CET can be used just with the help of the CLC for maping a whole area using CET for natural and semi-natural biotops and CLC for antropogenic and agriculturally intensively used biotops. These categories can be used from 1:50.000 to 1:200.000 scale to give a more comprehensive look at a certain landscape. These categories are more useful if we have not so detailed informaton. So this is especally good for example describing the history of the landscape, as we have less and less records going back in time. The base-maps of the biotop-maps are the 1:25.000 (L 34-41 C-a, b, c, d) and 1:50.000 (L3441 C) topographical maps in my work created by the Hungarian Military's Ágoston Tóth Cartography Institute (1992). These maps contain information on the present distribution of grasslands, forests and plough-lands, but field-work is neccessary to specify the real, actual borders and to determine the category of the certain biotop-patch. As I've taken part in the CLC-CET biotop-maping programme in 2001 organized by Academy of Hungary's Institute of Ecology and Botany I got a SPOT-4 satellite image, a digital CLC database of FÖMI and a little helping software. My work was to check and actualize the databasis of my area - the sorrounding of Csongrád - and name the natural biotops according to the CET system using GIS methods with ArcView 3.2. So the 1:50.000 CLC-CET map of the L34-41 c area was created by me (2001). As a further process using ArcView I created the 1:50.000 qualitative and summarizing maps of natural areas from this CLC-CET map (2001). Also GIS methods and active field works were done to create the detailed 1:25.000 mÁNER biotop-map of the Csongrád Nagyrét Nature Reserve (2000). At creating actual biotopmaps the researchers could only trust in one reliable, fresh, official database: the State Forestry Service's forest-management plans (AESZ, 1998). For creating the landscape historical map-series we need old maps. In Hungary the first reliable maps were resulted by the 1

st military survey (1764-1787), which have a very fine 1:28.000 scale. This is the base of the late 18

th century map. Intensive maping work preceded the regulation of the riverways. Among these maps I used Lányi's 1845 map (in Sugár 1989) and Friedrich's 1858 (1:57.000) map which helped to describe the sit5ations in the middle of the 19

th century. The precisity and category system of Lány's map is way ahead of its age. Very detailed landscape using categories are mentioned. The pastures, the hay-fields, the swamps, the rush-fields, the willowforests, the poplar forests, the oak-elm-ash forests (on the name of forest), the vineyards, the