Múzeumi Füzetek Csongrád 2. (Csongrád, 1999.)

V. SZABÓ Gábor: A bronzkor Csongrád megyében (Történeti vázlat a készülő régészeti állandó kiállítás kapcsán)

THE BRONZE A GE IN COUNTY CSONGRÁD. A HISTORICAL OUTLINE MADE ON THE OCCASION OF THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE PERMANENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXHIBITION by Gábor V. SZABÓ THE PROTO-NAGYRÉV PERIOD AND ITS ANTECEDENTS. THE PROBLEMS OF THE MAKÓ CULTURE AND THE SOMOG YVÁR-A

DA GROUP At the examined territory Makó is the first culture of the Early Bronze Age (Early Bronze Age l-2a) that can be definitely determined. To-date the connection of the Makó culture with the dominant group of the previous period, the Baden culture (or also its later variant saturated with Kostolac and Cotofeni elements appearing in this region) is still not clear (HORVÁTH 1983, 77-79; BONDÁR 1984, 76, 81, note 192). A similarly unclear question is what was the relationship between the Makó culture and the communities burying their dead under the barrows of the Great Hungarian Plain. Judging from the example of the Sárrétudvari barrow (county Hajdú-Bihar) (NEPPER 1991, 19-20, IV. 5) we can not exclude the possibility that certain barrows were erected at the beginning of the Early Bronze Age, although at the present moment we have no evidence for that in our region. There were only some barrows excavated in the county, but they were built in an earlier period (Csongrád-Kettőshalom, Szentes-Besenyőhalom, Derekegyháza-Ibolyáshalom). It is still questionable whether the builders of the kurgans were the representatives of a small, strange population infiltrating from the east, or simply a social group (local elite). The majority of the find assemblages of the Makó culture excavated in county Csongrád (KULCSÁR 1997, 38-42) come from the flood area of the Tisza. That circumstance refers to the fact that the way of life of this population connected it to the flood areas, the river valleys. Only a smaller find assemblage from Székkutas-Diófásdülö shows that their settlements also appeared on the loess platform out of the flood areas (Fig. 2). We do not have enough data at our disposal to draw the picture of the their way of life. The only thing that to-date can be said about the settlements of the culture is that there had been found only sporadic features (mainly pits) situated far from each other. The building excavated at Csongrád-Vidresziget is unique among the settlements of the culture. Here one of the few observable features of the Makó culture was represented by a 37 x 7 m