Csengeri Piroska - Tóth Arnold (szerk.): A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 54. (Miskolc, 2015)

Régészet - Kósa Polett: Meggyasszó-Halom-oldal dűlő: New data int he Tumulus culture research from North-eastern Hungary

Megyaszó-Halom-oldal dűlő: New data in the Tumulus culture research...

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This form was quite widespread in all areas of the Tumulus culture, and also the Bodrogszerdahely group preferred it (KOVÁCS 1966, 194). Piliny culture has taken over this mug shape, but the undecorated mugs didn’t become characteristic. This type existed through the whole Tumulus period, from the Rei. Br. B1 to Br. D phase.

III.B.2. Compressed globular-shaped mugs with impressed decoration

The mug of grave S17 belongs to this subgroup (Table 5. 11/3). There are 3 impressed dots in a row, which were repeated three times on the shoulder line.14 15

The three-dotted motif is more frequent on the neck or belly part of larger storage vessels and jars. Since only a few mugs are decorated with this pattern, it can be assumed that this is just a contingent decoration. Less decorated mugs can be dated similarly to the previously described III.B.l type.

1II.C.1. Undecorated biconical mugs with handles

This group contains the mug from grave S7 (Table 2. 4/3) and the sole mug from feature S10 (Table 3. 6/ 1)P

In contrast to the compressed globular-shaped mugs, this type is more frequently decorated. Biconical mugs are more spread at Piliny sites and within the territory of the Egyek group (KEMENCZEI 1967, 279), while they are rarely present in the Tumulus culture. The form can be dated within the Rei. Br. B2-D period.

III.C.2. Decorated biconical mugs with handles and knobs

Three mugs can be categorised into this subgroup, from grave SI (Table 1. 1/5), grave S2 (Table 2. 2/2) and Sll (Table 3. 7/6). All 3 mugs are equipped with 3 knobs. The first one is decorated with three vertically incised lines below the handle, the second has 3-3 impressed dots in a row on the shoulder line. The third is decorated

15, 7); Vizslás-. KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. XIV. 8-10, 12-13, 16-17); Bodrogkeresyjúr. KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. XXXIV. 6, 13-15); Kosice: FURMÁNEK 1968 (Obr. 3. 4); Safarikovo: FURMÁNEK 1977b (Taf. I. 6/6; Taf. XII. 94/2).

14 All the examples from the previous group can be listed here based on the form. Decorated ones are from the Tumulus sites of Egyek-Szplőhegy: KOVÁCS 1966 (2. kép 20); Tiszafüred: KOVÁCS 1975 (Pl. 22, 233/1; Pl. 25, 265/3). These dots are usually combined with knobbed decoration.

15 Comparable examples are from the Piliny sites of Súly-Vízoldal: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. XVII. 20); Zagyvapálfalva: KEMENCZEI 1967 (Abb. 10, 10); Bodrogkeresztúr: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. XXXI. 9, 10); Safarikovo: FURMÁNEK 1977b (Taf. VI.

56/27; Taf. XII. 101/12); and the Tumulus site of Muhi Princ- tanya: KEMENCZEI 1965 (5. kép 10).

with 3 dots on the shoulder, while on the belly line there are 3 knobs that are surrounded by 3—3 semi-circular grooved lines. The biconical, knob-decorated form is more general than the plain variant.16

The small-sized mugs with minor modifications can be found in all Late Bronze Age material culture. It became more frequent in the Piliny culture and the Egyek group, but Tumulus tradition can be traced (KEMENCZEI 1967,279). As smaller mugs can be found at sites with the Bodrogszerdahely group’s influence, it can be dated from Rei. Br. B2 onwards. The larger variant of mugs could have developed in the North Hungarian area by enlarging the small ones (KEMENCZEI 1968, 181). They are also widespread in the Piliny culture, especially in the early stages of the Bárca group, where the rich trimming of lines, fluting and decoration with knobs are the most characteristic (KEMENCZEI 1965, 14). Kemenczei has dated this form from the Rei. Br. C period (KEMENCZEI 1964, 21-22).

III.C.3. Biconical mug without handles

Only a single mug represents this subunit from grave SI (Table 1. 1/3), which has typical knobbed decorations on the belly line. The vessel is strongly deformed. It could have had handles as well, but the traces are hardly noticeable, as the supposed location was entirely hidden during restoration. Without the unmistakable sign of handles, it can be interpret as handleless.17

This vessel was also placed on top of the ashes in the urn, therefore it had the same function as similarly arranged mugs. Parallel vessels from Halmaj were somewhat larger and these contained the ashes, so T. Kemenczei defined them as urns (KEMENCZEI 1968, 180). This type can be found both in the eastern and western regions of the Carpathian Tumulus culture,

16 Similar pieces are from the Tumulus cemeteries of Tiszafüred: KOVÁCS 1975 (Pl. 6, 59/3; Pl. 7, 79/1; Pl. 11, 120/1; Pl. 17, 174/7); Halmaj: KEMENCZEI 1968 (10. kép 14; 12. kép 19); and Piliny sites like Szfcsény: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. XIII. 12); 7,agyvapálfalva: KEMENCZEI 1967 (Abb. 7, 2; Abb. 10, 12-13; Abb. 12, 14; Abb. 13, 13). There are formal parallels to the larger mug of grave Sll, with different motifs, from the Tumulus cemeteries of Hetek: KEMENCZEI 1968, 171 (9. kép 16); Halmaj: KEMENCZEI 1968, 176 (11. kép 16); and Piliny sites of Bodrogkeresztúr: KEMENCZEI 1965, 14 (1. kép 10), KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. XXXIII. % Abaújszántó: KEMENCZEI 1965,14 (1. kép W'yUtke: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. VIII. 10,12); Zagyvapálfalva: KEMENCZEI 1967 (Abb. 10,16).

17 Some comparable pieces were found in the Piliny sites of Jászberény-Csembalóm: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. XVI. 15); Safarikovo: FURMÁNEK 1977b (Taf. XVI11. 48/16); and the Tumulus cemetery of Halmaj: KEMENCZEI 1968 (11. kép 12; 12. kép 17);