A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 50. (2011)

RÉGÉSZET - CSENGERI Piroska: Középső neolitikus arcos edények Garadnáról (Hernád- völgy)

90 Csenge rí Piroska Michal'any. Slovenská Archeológia XXXIV/2, 439-454. 1989 Kultúra s vychodnou lineárnou keramikou na Slovensku. Slovenská Akadémia Vied, Bratislava. 1995 Dokument o spolocnosti mladsej doby kamennej: Sarisské Michal'any — Evidence for the society of the Late Stone Age. Sarisské Michal'any. Archeologické Památniky Slovenská 4. Bratislava. 2000 Plastika bukovohorskej kultúry zo Sarisskych Michalian (severovychodné Slovensko) — Plastik der Bükker Kultur aus Sarisské Michal'any (Nordostslowakei). Památky archeologické - Supplementum 13. (In memóriám Jan Rulf), Praha, 376-388. G. SZÉNÁSZKY Júlia 1990 Arcos edényfedő Battonyáról — Deckel eines Gesichtsgefäßes aus Battonya. Archaeológiai Értesítő 117, 151-160. TOMPA Ferenc 1929 Die Bandkeramik in Ungarn. Die Bükker- und die Theiss-Kultur — A szalagdíszes agyagművesség kultúrája Magyarországon. Archaeologia Hungarica V-VI. Budapest. M. VIRÁG Zsuzsanna 2000 Anthropomorphic Vessels of Transdanubian Linear Pottery Culture. In HILLER, Stefan-NIKOLOV, Vassil (eds.): Karanovo III. Beiträge zum Neolithikum in Südosteuropa. Wien. 389-403. MIDDLE NEOLITHIC VESSELS WITH HUMAN FACE REPRESENTATION FROM GARADNA (HERNÁD VALLEY, NORTHEAST HUNGARY) Keywords: Hernád valley, Middle Neolithic, face vessel, arched symbolic motif The site "Garadna-Elkerülő út" No. 2 (Füzes) was found in the east-south east part of the territory of Garadna village during a road-making. The site was excavated in 2003. From among 185 archaeological phenomena there were 117 can be connected with the 3

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h phases of the Alföld Linear Pottery culture (ALPC). This is the period of the Late Tiszadob group and the Bükk culture in a qualified sense. The Neolithic features were large clay pits, storage and refuse pits with regular shape, several in situ hearth remains — one of them had 60 cm high remained wall — and 12 burials (See more details about the excavation and the Neolithic settlement in CSENGERI 2010). Face vessels with sickle symbol, which were typical of the northern settlement of ALPC, and their remains were found in several features of the settlement. An incised and painted large storage jar with two grinding stones covered by ochre was found broken, and covered over ruins (phenomenon S22; face storage vessel No. 1; Fig. 1-2; Fig. 3, 1-2). A decorated spherical bowl of fine ceramics turned up as the goods of the grave S191 (face vessel No. 2; Fig. 3, 3; Fig. 4-5). Fragments of additional 20 face vessels were found in the features of the site (fragments of vessels No. 3-22; Fig. 8-12). These face representations with symbolic sign (their summaries: KALICZ 1970, 34-35; KALICZ-MAKKAY 1972, 13-15; KALICZ-MAKKAY 1977, 59, 61-64; LICHARDUS 1974, 58; KALICZ-S. KOOS 2000a; RACZKY-ANDERS 2003; DOMBORÓCZKI 2005) appear on the figurines and face vessels of the groups of Linear Pottery spreading northern from the River Körös, in the east part of Carpathian Basin from the earliest phase of ALPC to the end of the Middle Neolithic (KALICZ-S. KOOS 2000a, 21; RACZKY-ANDERS 2003, 159, 162-163). In Garadna, the face representations with symbolic sign were put on vessels with cylindrical neck mainly, but they occur other vessel-types (bowl, cup, spherical bowl), which were common among the fine ceramics of the Bükk culture. The number of the latter ones are more than earlier had been known. Contemporary vessels with non-cylindrical neck can be mentioned from Sajószentpéter-Kövecses and Miskolc-Aldi 2, and an unpublished spherical bowl from Sarisské Michal'any (SlSKA 1982, Obr. 146, 12; 1986, Taf. III, 1; 1995, Obr. X; the author's and K. Piatnicková's observation). On the finds of Garadna, the face representations with sickle motif can be found under the rim of the vessels in all cases. On the face, the eyes were signed with lines (Fig. 1; Fig. 3-4; Fig. 8, 1 and 4; Fig. 11, 3;