Viga Gyula: Tevékenységi formák és javak cseréje a Bükk-vidék népi kultúrájában (Borsodi Kismonográfiák 23. Miskolc, 1986)

The main features of relationship systems between villages and village groups can be well observed within the individual small regions; with a microstudy, the deeper complection of traditional culture in consciousness can be revealed. The finishing chapter N° VI makes general conclusions from the data of the study. It is obvious that even smaller regions with a homogenous production structure and similar villages show extraordinary varied forms of occupation and are able to flexibly adapt themselves to the environmental potentialities at the same time, giving many fold responses within the frames of the given possibilities. Mountain life seems substantially more mobile than plain culture combining different forms of agricultural occupation. The activity forms of mountain culture ate rather archaic, but the individual culture groups or small communities can eventually choose from several forms. The studies unambigously confirm that the mountain's inner settlements populated by the Slovaks form an independent production region being at the same time, an independent language and culture substance, as well. The data, however, also indicate that Bükkalja should also be considered an independent ethnographical region where the production structure as a whole shows identical features, but when studying the separate cultural elements, this unit will disrupt. However, a general mountain culture type which can be taken as a model of the North Hungarian Central Mountain, one of the specific features of which is that it, from the very beginnings, has been living in a particular symbiosis with the culture of the plainfolk, and in return for the surplus corns of the Rain, it gives its own labour, mineral raw materials and special products of its homecraft and handcraft. These two suggest a specific co-activity and harmony from the early beginnings. Characteristic of the population's way of life in Bükk region is that the exchange of products gets an extraordinary importance in the system of the activity forms, though but the migration with the goods produced by the particular activity forms and their exchange act as mere intermediaries in the population's way of life: in spite of its significant role, the goods exchange itself is only a peripheric phenomenon of the traditional peasant society. The equilibrating system of goods makes up a specific concentrical arrangement the basis of which is given by the compensating and regulating activity of the individual family workshops, then on this build up the compensation within the village, the division of labour within the small regional unit, then the division of labour among the regions. The varied forms of activity and the subsequent goods exchange give the parts of a specific economic strategy which together outline the fundamentals of the traditional culture of Bükk region. 181