Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 16 (1971) (Pécs, 1972)

Régészet - Jerem, Erzsébet: Késővaskori sírleletek Beremendről (Baranya megye)

KÉSŐVASKORI SÍRLELETEK BEREMENDRŐL cylinder (flattened), desc- and melon-shaped, in a button. (Fig. 8. j-6.,'-PI. III. 2-3.) 7-9. Bronze fibulae of the Certosa-type, one-sided springs, the bow bulges into a sharp form, extended trapeze-shaped foot, which ends in a flat button. (Fig. 8. 7-9., PL III. 4-6.) 10-11. Bronze crossbow fibulae of the Certosa-type, with engraving decorated bow, its foot ends in an animal head. (Fig. 8. 10-11., PI. Ill, 7-8.) 12. Miniature bronze spear, with X-shaped engraved decor on ist tip. (Fig. 8. 12., PI. III. 9.) 13. Open-ended bracelet, made of flattened bronze wire. (Fig. 8. 13., PI. IV. 1.) 14. Bronze ring, circular cross section, made of thicker wire. (Fig. 8. 14., PI. IV. 2.) 15. Bronze bead, jug-shaped, its neck is a bit arched. (Fig. 8. 15., PL IV. 3.) 16-17. Bronze sceptres, circular cross-section wire, both ends are flattened, pierced upper section for hanging with small bronze loops of chain. On its tang 3x4 perforated wings, from which trapeze-shaped, punched decoration lamellar • pendants hang. (Fig. 8. 16-17., PI- IV. 4-5.) 18-19. I

ron spear-heads, one of them is extended form, the other one is a short leaf form of the blade, long socketed type. On their blade one can find a protuberant rib. (Fig. 8. 1819., PL V. 1-2.) 20. Whorl, biconic, light brown, from opengrained clay. (Fig. 8. 20.) 21. One-handled mug, shining black surface, on its neck triplecircular line decoration. Its belly is decorated by bucchero-like pattern blows between clusters of lines, omphalos on its base. Its straphandle raises high above its rim. It ends in stylized animals'head. (Fig. 8. 21., PL V. 3.) 22. Pot, biconic form, slightly turned out rim. Yellow-grey, some parts of it are burnt to reddish colour. (Fig. 8. 22., PL V. 4.) We can draw the conclusion from the graves that at the N-E part of the recent sand mine probably there was a late iron age cemetery. Possibly skeleton rite burials took place, but we can not exclude the possibility of the cremation-type burials, too, because human bones were not found. Therefore we can examine the finds only from typological and chronological viewpoint. 1. Fibulae: a) One-looped bow fibulae, with rectangular catch-plate. This type in our country appeared only in a simpler form, made of bronze, from the Scythian age cemeteries of the Southern part of the Hungarian Plain. It is of Greece origin, howewer, between the antecedents and the more developed pieces from the Balkan Peninsula the time distance is about two hundred years. The typological phases in between we can find in the material of the Macedonian and Thracian finds from the VII-VI. centuries В. C. Mostly they are made of silver, we know a couple of gold fibulae from some extraordinarily rich princely burial place, meanwhile the bronze fibulae are rare, they appear mostly East of the Danube. Its spreading area is considerably large, the classical Illyrian circle of Glasinac north of Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Syrmia and the southern part of Hungary: such kind of sites are wellknown. (Fig. 9. Map showing the spread of the bow fibulae, with rectangular catch-plate found in the area.) These could be found in princely graves, which could be dated very well with the help of the Greek import wares, therefore in the Southeast Alpine Hallstatt-sphere, which is north of the Illyrian culture, could be dated more precisely. Those Syrmian sites show the closest relations, which contain the same type of grave goods as the Beremend cemetery. b) The other group of the fibulae are the fibulae of the Certosa-type. We can classify them (the onesided spring, trapeze-shaped catch-plate, foot ending in a button-type fibulae) in a typologically earlier phase. (Fig. 5. 6., Fig. 6. 5-7., Fig. 8. 7-9., PL II. 2., PL III. 4-6.) Beside the classical Italian sites these are the main finds of the graves of the Southeast Alpine region, Slovenia, Bosnia, Syrmia and the southern part of Transdanubia, meanwhile such finds seldom occur in the area of the Illyrian culture. About the same can be told about those versions which end in a button or animal head, from a younger horizon. We previously dealt with their origin and spread. (Fig. 5. 7., Fig. 8. 5-6. 10-11., PL III. 2-3. 7-8.) 728 2. Girdles: a) Astragal girdle (Fig. 5. 8. a-b., PL I. 1-2.) The pieces from the southern part of Transdanubia (Fig. 10., map showing the spread), similarly to the southern analogies could be separated in two typological and chronological level. Beside the Beremend cemetery, we can classify with the help of the late Hallstatt fibulae of the Certosa-type, the graves of Szárazd and the girdles of Velemszentvid, Regöly and Lengyel to the same horizon. The typologically more improved versions appear in the Celtic settlement (Regöly) and cemetery (Dunaszekcső) material as well as the sites in Yugoslavia. Their spread indicates, that they were developed in the Pannónia area, meanwhile the similarity of the types and sizes of the Transdanubien girdles indicates a workshop of this area. In Transdanubia and between the rivers Drava and Sava the later type astragal girdles could be found in such sites where the local population had also weared similar girdles some time ago. That proves the adjusting ot the immigrants to the basic population even in their wear. ió