Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)

Jaromir Kovárnik: Az őskori ember hitvilágának tanulmányozása. A sámánizmus kutatása a régészetben

A probe into the spiritual life of prehistoric people, a reflection of shamanism in archaeology

Poisson cave also shows its viscera. The same is true in so-calied European arctic art with the display of animals (Kloftefoss, reindeer) including the spine and viscera. Aborigines also show individual muscles that are wrapped in the body by the pellicle (Jelinek 1972, 293-294, Fig. 480, 481, 482-483). It is clear evidence that the Palaeolithic man portrayed both what he saw and what he already knew.

Shamans or woman shamans were „selected" individuals from a wide community. We can assume they had a great intelligence quotient. Shared experience and knowledge of shamans can be seen as part of the tradition of creating social wisdom. For example, the Aboriginians in the Arnhem country have some surprising knowledge. They explain it: „This I have from my dreaming" (Bouzek 1996, 125).

Anthropological, female statuettes

Female sculptures of the upper Palaeolithic (Gravettian, especially Pavlovian and possibly Magdalenian) shows signs of excellent nutrition. We think that these female statuettes with clear signs

of obesity can symbolize both successful hunting (and successful hunter) and cult of fertility (enough food for humans). Native, natural, preliterary nations perceive the protective spirit for shaman in the form of „animal mother". It was documented for example in Yakuts. This „animal mother" gave the shaman life, breastfeeding him with her milk and giving him that

Fig. 5. Pendo cave, Spain. „Command" staff in the shape of a horse head with ears and with the engraving of the horse, deer and rope, supplemented with the "X"-shaped elements (by Pijoan 1977, Fig. 7).

5. kép Pendo barlang, Spanyolország. Lófej alakú 'főnöki' pálca. Rajta bekarcolva ló, szarvas, kötél és X jelek

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