Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)

Peter Toth: Rituális tevékenység Szlovákiában a neolitikum és rézkor idején

Ritual practices in the Neolithic and Eneolithic in Slovakia

Fig. 17. Animal figurines from Vel'ká Lomnica, dated to the Ózd- Piliny culture (after Novotná - Soják 2013, F 12).

17. kép. Állatfigurák, Vel'ká Lomnica, Ózd-Piliny kultúra (Novotná - Soják 2013, F 12).

have certain common traits4 and can be considered as depictions of granaries (Pavúk 2012a, 265). Storage of cereals was equally important as its cultivation. Therefore these depictions could be imitations of sanctuaries or temple granaries, which might have been under the control of first priests (Pavúk 1980,72).

In the Tiszapolgár and Bodrogkeresztúr groups, there is minimal evidence of items related to cult5 . In particular can be mentioned embossed metal pendants (made of copper or gold; fig. 18), which were found only in rich graves. Usually, they have 2-4 holes pierced in one end of the pendant, but sometimes the fifth hole was placed in the middle. Their interpretation varies from a highly stylized depiction of a woman to sun symbols6 (Siska 1968,111-114).

During the Baden culture, there is a considerable increase in sacral items. First of all, pseudokernoi can be mentioned. They are huge vessels with smaller ones for holding offerings or ritual ingredients. These vessels are imitations of early antique kernoi, which were used in connection with eschatological ideas or myths of rebirth within sacred ceremonies (Podborskÿ 2006, 209-210). Divided bowls with button-shaped protrusions (fig. 19) might have been implemented in the cult, as well (Paulik 1980, 78). Quite interesting are peculiar ceramic forms, which could be interpreted as bowls or lids. They have atypically formed rim and

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