Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)

Peter Toth: Rituális tevékenység Szlovákiában a neolitikum és rézkor idején

Ritual practices in the Neolithic and Eneolithic in Slovakia

highly specific incised decoration on the inner and outer side (spirals, concentric circles, crosshatch) initially filled with white incrustation. This pottery is a foreign element in the Carpathian region and might have been imported from southeast Europe (Bondár 2000, 25-26). It was suggested these artifacts might be indicators of copper metallurgy (Jovanovic - Blagojevic 2014) or some cover for items of long-distance trade with southeast Europe (Maran 1998, 513-514; Horváth 2011, 42) or perhaps they might even be related with the cult of the sun7.

Closely tied with cult and religion are pedestalled bowls, which appear in the Postbaden cultural complex as well as cultures in the Final Eneolithic (the Makó-Kosihy-Caka, Somogyvár-Vinkovci, and Nyírség-Zatín cultures). Interior of these vessels is richly decorated with geometric ornaments (such as incised circles, hatched triangles, crosshatches) filled initially with white incrustation. It was suggested they could have been used during ritual ceremonies with possible connections to the cult of the sun (Podborskÿ 2006, 210).

Alternatively, they might be interpreted as portable altars (Paulik 1980, 97).

Since the Lengyel culture, but very frequently during the Eneolithic emerge clay imitations of war hammer-axes (fig. 20). They appear in a more substantial amount in upland sites, like Stránska and Vel'ka Lomnica. Presumably, they were worn as amulets and could have been a symbol of male deity, whose attribute was a stone hammer-ax (Zápotocky - Zápotocká 2008, 194-195; Novotná - Soják 2013, 141-145;

Horváthová - Nevizánsky 2017, 74-75).

Fig. 18. Gold pendants from Veiké Raskovce, dated to the Tiszapotgár group (after Paulik 1980, obr. 61).

18. kép. Aranycsüngők, Veiké Raskovce, Tiszapolgár csoport (Paulik 1980, obr. 61).

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