Külügyi Szemle - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet folyóirata - 2013 (12. évfolyam)
2013 / 1. szám - TÖRÖKORSZÁG MINT REGIONÁLIS HATALOM - Egeresi Zoltán: Törökország és a Balkán
Törökország és a Balkán 58 A macedón névvita már lassan két évtizede húzódik a görögökkel (noha az ENSZ megbízottja, Matthew Nimetz épp most próbálja feléleszteni a tárgyalásokat), a jelentős albán kisebbség miatt Tirana és Pristina is megkülönböztetett figyelmet szán az országnak. A bolgár-macedón kapcsolat is eleve problémás a bolgár nemzeti identitás fejlődése miatt. Koszovó státusza a tömeges országelismerések ellenére sem rendeződött. (Törökország az elsők között ismerte el az állam függetlenségét.) 59 „Ba§bakan'dan önemli agiklamalar". Sabah, 2012. július 11. 60 Török kezdeményezés - Túrája intiáativa. 61 Bojana Barlovac: „Turkey Mediates between Serbia's Battling Muslims". Balkan Insight, 2011. október 17. 62 „Sirbistanlda egitim ve kültür alanmda yeni projelere ba^ladi". TIKA, http://www.tika.gov.tr/ haber/tika-sirbistanda-egitim-ve-kultur-alaninda-yeni-projelere-basladi/272, 2013. január 25. 63 Novi pazari helyszíni riport, 2012 márciusa. 64 „Mehmet Fatih medresesi 100 yil sonra ilk mezunlarini verdi". TIKA, http://www.tika.gov.tr/haber/ mehmet-fatih-medresesi-100-yil-sonra-ik-mezunlarini-verdi/310,2013. január 26. 65 Lásd az intézet honlapját: Yunus Emre Institute, http://yunusemreenstitusu.org/turkiye/ . 66 Balkan Monitor, http://www.balkan-monitor.eu/index.php/dashboard . Résumé Turkey and the Balkans The paper reveals the main pillars of Turkish foreign policy towards the Balkans, and it especially focuses on the foreign policy of the AKP's era from 2002. It intends to explain the growing Turkish involvement in the region: the creation of a network of cultural institutes (Yunus Emre), the activity of the Turkish Development Agency (TIKA), and the mediation attempts in Bosnia and Serbia. It also reveals the growing economic relations and the features of Turkish influence; meanwhile it argues that despite this recent activity and threatening image of Turkish neo-Ottomanism, Ankara has less influence on the whole region and it rather focuses on Muslim people. The paper also intends to provide a complex image of this policy by showing the various links between Turkey and the region. During the centuries of Ottoman conquest, a great number of people have convert to Islam (e.g. Bosniaks, Pomaks, Torbesis, Albanians) and simultaneously many Turks have immigrated to the Balkans. After the defeat in the Balkan wars (1912—13), the Ottoman Empire has lost most of its territories in the region, which forced the Muslims into a mass migration towards Anatolia. This process during the 20th century has remained a constant feature of their relations: either between the two World Wars, or after 1953, from Yugoslavia, or in 1989 due to the 'big excursion' from Bulgaria several hundred thousand people have left their homeland in order to find refuge in Turkey. This process contributed to the formation of large Bosniak, Albanian and other Balkan Turkish diasporas in Turkey 2013. tavasz 57
