Külpolitika - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet elméleti-politikai folyóirata - 1989 (16. évfolyam)
1989 / 4. szám - A tanulmányok orosz és angol nyelvű tartalmi kivonata
József B. Hetyei: The Hungarian—Czechoslovak Relations in the Mirror of Reforms In 1968 the Hungarian society was interested in that Czechoslovakia continued its reform policy on the soil of socialism, according to its former reform endeavours, rejecting the Stalinist model of socialism building, and it remained a partner and support for Hungary in her search of the ways of socialism building. In our days this social interest again comes into prominence emphatically. During the last decades the relations between the two countries developed in a specific way, not without controversies. In the period after 1918, but after 1945 as well, in spite of the existing political contradictions our economic relations deserve attention. After 1918 they expressed the certain survival of the former economic unit, and after 1945 they played the role of a forerunner in wide build-up of our relations. The acceptance of the Stalinist model of socialism building after 1949 narrowed our possibilities, but ever so the 50-ies and the 60-ies had epochal significance in the relations between the two countries. In the 60-ies, mostly as a result of reform thinking, there were made — sometimes unique — initiatives and achievements based on the specific interests of the two countries (e. g. in the field of mass relations and direct relations). But after 1968, in the 70-ies and the 80-ies on the basis of „returning to the former order” occured in both countries, however not in the same way and tp the same extent, in spite of the controversies of this return further results were achieved, though the pace of the development of relations slowed in the 80-ies. For the sake of both countries the higher level of our relations could be reached by overcoming the temporary controversies and difficulties partly derived from changes in both countries differing in their intensity and extent. The nationality issue after 1918 has always been an important element in our system of relationship, moreover it had a decisive role in 1945—48 in our political relations. In the 50-ies and the 60ies this issue was subordinated to our general relations. In this field from the Hungarian side only in the 70-ies and the 80-ies it has been made a substantial change which the Czechoslovak side also accepted and on this basis a significant and successful cooperation could be developed in the mutual fulfilment of the cultural and educational claims of the living in our countries Slovak and respectively Hungarian nationalities. Considering the unresolved issues and claims of nationalities living in our countries which are more and more openly exposed, it appears necessary and desirable in this field the further deepening of cooperation as an organic part of our general relations and for their sake. János Matus: From the Security of the State to the Security of the Nation The thinking on security set out from the historical experiences even today attributes far too big a role to the military force. But during the last two decades it has been proven that a significant part of countries ha become more and more vulnerable in commection with external and internal cources of danger differing from the military threat. It justifies to place the security-perception on more wider bases, to install new criteria into the security conception. In harmony with the new type interpreta- tión of the comprehensive international security it should be paid more attention to political, economic, humanitarian and environmental viewpoints. Instead of the strongly limiting state security concept formed in the socialist countries it is justified to implement the concept of national security. In Hungary the acceptance of the multj-party system and the political pluralism makes indispensable to reject the former state security concept and to from a new security policy. The new security policy should serve the national interest and VI
