Zounuk - A Szolnok Megyei Levéltár Évkönyve 1. (Szolnok, 1986)

TANULMÁNYOK - Botka János: Az agrárproletáriátus kialakulása a Tiszazugban / 145. o.

JÁNOS BOTKA THE FORMATION OF AGRARIAN PROLETARIATE IN THE TISZAZUG (TISZA-HOLE) The study presents the transformation of the agrarian population, primarily the development of agrarian proletariate in Tiszazug (Tisza-,Jiole"), a small piece of land in the northern corner of the area where the rivers Tisza and Körös come together. Much attention is paid to the peculiar and important circumstances, having determined the development of the area, thus enriching our view of Szolnok county and of the Great Hungarian Plain. The review follows the basic social changes in the greoups of settlements held by socage, by lower nobblers and by Cumanians up until the spread of capitalism. It points out the main factors, determining the differentiation and pauperization of the population with the diverse legal status of settlements, following the 18th century, playing an outstanding role in it. By the middle of the 19th century the breaking up of holdings, despite the diverse characteristics,m had progressed considerably in almost every settlement. In settlements formarly held by socage, large estates, left almost intact, preserved their dominant role. The differentiation of peasantry was later markedly influenced and accelerated by the factors accompanying agrariandevelopment, which meant the local application of partially capitalistic and partially feudal exploitation. Although the villages of the Tiszazug preserved their peculiar features, their statuses and fates became more and more convergent and awkward. Overpopulation, shortage of working places, increasing state- and public-burdens, feudal bonds and many disadvantageous factors caused sefere impoverishment among the rest of the peasants. By the end of the 19th century a numerous proletarian, half-proletarian layer had gradually formed. 174