Hidrológiai Közlöny 1988 (68. évfolyam)
5. szám - Vitális György: A régi térképek vízföldtani tanulságai a XIX. sz. első felében kiadott térképek tanulmányozása alapján
304 HIDROLÓGIAI KÖZLÖNY i98s. r>8. ÉVF., 5. SZÁM Rónai A., 1961. Az Alföld talajvíztórképe. A Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet alkalmi kiadványa, Budapest. Tory K., 1952. A Duna és szabályozása. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest Vitális Gy., 1986. A régi térképek vízföldtani tanulságai a XVI—XVIII. sz. közepe közötti térképek tanulmányozása alapján. Hidrol, Közi. 66, 4—5: 282—289. Vitális Gy., 1987. A régi térképek vízföldtani tanulságai a XVIII. sz. második felében kiadott térképek tanulmányozása alapján. Hidrol. Közi. 67. 2—3: 140—148. Vitális Gy., 1988. Az 1838. évi pesti árvíz vízföldtani tanulságai. Hidrológiai Tájékoztató, október, 27—30. A témára vonatkozó további irodalom Vitális Oi/., 198(1. és 1987. évi tanulmányának irodalomjegyzékében található. Kézirat beérkezett: lí)88. március 7. Közlésre elfogadva: 1988. április 10. Hydrogeologie information derived from maps published in the first lialf of the XIX-thcentury Vitalis, Gy. Abstract: As the continuation of the papers „Hydrogeologie information derived from ancient maps published from the XVl-th to the Mid-XVHI-th century" (Vitális, 1986) and „Hydrogeologie information derived from maps published in the second half of the XVIII-th century" (Vitális, 1987) the aim of the present paper is to demonstrate the hydrogeologic information of practical interest which hydrologists and hydrogeologists can obtain from some typical maps on Hungary published in the first half of the XlX-th century and conserved in the archives of the Hungarian State Geological Institute. Detals are presented and evaluated from the maps of Korabinszky, J. (Figs 1 and 2), the atlas of Görög and Márton (Figs 3 and 4), the map of Lipszky, J. (Figs 5 and 6), the Mappa Episcopalis Dioecesis Jaurinensis (Fig. 8), the maps of the 5th Royal and Imperial Field Artillery Company (Figs 9 and 10), the map of Koczián, J . (Fig. 11) and the map of E. v. Zucceri (Figs 12 to 11) constructed from the large map of Lipszky, ./. The main data of tho maps considered in the present paper are summarized in Table 1. Of the practical conclusions arrived at by studying these old maps the following are emphasized: — The contour indications (Figs. 8 and 11) offer assistance in identifying the tectonic fault lines and their orientation, thus in selecting the valleys or valley sections appearing suited to reservoir development. — The representation of the drainage network calls similarly attention to tectonic faults (Figs 5, 6 and 8), to the reach character of rivers, further to the opportunities of extracting groundwater, gravel or sand from the terraces (Figs 1 and 10). — From the traces of meander development conclusions can be arrived at on the slope conditions, on the river discharge and on the quality of rock forming the vallev (Figs 1, 8 and 14). — The lakes, series of ponds or waterlogged, inundated areas along the streams ( Figs 1 to 8 and 12 to 14) suggest favourable storage conditions, while shifting stream bods alert to recent crustal movements ( Figs 1, 8 and 10). — In the area of former lakes and waterlogged, marshy areas (Figs 1 to 8 and 11 to 11) black clays, peat, bog-soil, bog-lime and other alluvaial, alkaline soils may be anticipated. These areas are eligible for storage reservoirs of fish ponds. — The changes in the surface area of former lakes and marshes (Figs 1 to 8 and 12 to 14) offer information on changes in climate, on drainage projects, on the position of the groundwater table, further on recent settling events of ciustal movements. — Former streambeds in residential areas (Fig. 9) call attention to potentially major seepage in foundation and other civil engineering work. — Coirect representation of major explorations and contour features (Figs 9 and 11) provides assistance in identifying the boundaries of geologic formations and in plotting these cartographically. — Surveys of growing accuracy indicate morphological features, which together with the modern maps provide clear and visual information about a particular area or terrain section. The old maps are thus worthy of being studied when confronted with problems in hydrogeology or water management. Keywords: history, hydrogeological maps, critical review, rivers, lakes, Hungary VITÄLTS GYÖRGY Szakmai munkásságának összefoglalóját a Hidrol. Közi. 1987/2—3. számának 148. oldalán közöltük.
