Hidrológiai Közlöny 1977 (57. évfolyam)

1. szám - Dr. Benedek Pál–Pintér György: A Project keretében végzett kutatások főbb célkitűzései. Az eredmények gyakorlati hasznosításának távlatai

Dr. Benedek Pál—Pintér György: A Project keretében végzett kutatások Hidrológiai Közlöny 1977. 1. sz. 23 — compilation of the plan of actions incentives on the basis of the foregoing, — studies on the system of economic-legal promoting the objectives of the Project. 2. Major research- and technical development advances under the Project 2.1 Water quality models The water quality model of the Sajó River represents the material balance in terms of the COD value' of the oxidizable pollutants discharged into the river from the national boundary to the confluence with the Tisza River. The model was formulated on the basis of the data collected in 1972, in the standard sampling network of the North-Hungary District Water Authority, further including the results of the water quality profile studies. The corresponding data of 1973 and 1974 were used for checking the model. It should be noted that it was found necessary to modify the sampling points of the regivar network, as well as the frequency of sampling, to suit the requirements of the model. The aim of the model was on the one hand the prediction of water quality up to 1985, on the other the provision of data for the engineering-economic model of water quality management. For testing the model for sensitivity the data series of monthly frequency and extending to one year observed by VITUKl on effluent discarges were also used. In the course of preparing the forecast the COD profiles pertaining to typical lowwater flow rates have been determined and compared with the COD limit values recommended for diverse sections of the Sajó River. The data basis of the model was characterized by a small number of sampling points at a high frequency of sampling. The descriptive water quality model for the Danube has been compiled by synthetizing several sub-models. With due regard to the fundamental characteristics of the Danube, the first-, or basic model was a mixing- (dispersion) model, the further refinement of which is still underway. The model has been tested for sensitivity around the middle of 1976. The model is a two-dimensional|one, containing averages along depth, applies to the steady state and is suited to consider the impact of background pollution and of point-, or line sources (at virtually arbitrary, but constant streamflow rates). The problem has been solved on a computer, by numerical methods. The model has been based on data acquired earlier and on field observations performed under the Project. Similar problems have been reported in the professional literature, but no two-dimensional model applying to a similar, longer river section is known thus far. 2.2 The optimized plan of actions of the Sajó River water quality management programme The optimization model of the Sajó River has been compiled on the basis of the constraint system of the water quality model. Under particular boundary conditions the effluent treatment costs can be minimized by the optimization model within the catchment area. The boundary conditions are economic (the first- and operating costs of alternative treatment technologies elaborated for the individual polluting sources) and technical in character, (such as water quality standards applying to the recipient Sajó River, i.e., mass fluxes.

) For solving the problem a working group (team) has been formed including representatives of the following institutions: VITUKl, MKKE, ÉV1ZIG, VIKÖZ. The ultimate goal of this work is to select a complex treatment system of the 57 technologies developed for the 17 most important polluting sources in the pilot zone. Under the boundary conditions specified for the COD the system of limit values can be solved with the minimal economic expenditure, i.e., cost. It should be noted that although the investigations are based on the COD parameter, the results obtained are evaluated also in terms of the specifications (Government Order No. 40/1969) relating to 6 other water quality components, such as pH, dissolved iron, solvent extract, total suspended solids, total dissolved substance, ammonia. In the case of a negative result, the rough mass balance of this particular component is compiled for the Sajó River and the decision concerning the acceptability of the particular technological alternative is made on the basis thereof. The results of optimization are incorporated into the water quality management plan of actions. 2.3 Advanced methods of data, collection and processing The automatic water quality monitoring stations constructed under the Project provide data series of high frequency and contribute thus to the realization of the water quality management objectives. The monitoring stations of the SVR system established in the Sajó Region operate as an integrated water quality information system and the organized collection of the observation data is controlled by the micro computer of the SVR Regional Center. The data obtained by scanning at hourly intervals are forewarded over the telex network of the post service. Whenever the water quality limit values established for the stream are exceeded, a warning signal is given by the center, which prepares also a comprehensive daily report on the observation data. On the Danube and in the Sajó River system one of the important functions of the monitoring stations in the boundary crosssections is to observe continuously the arriving background pollution and to predict the travel of occasional incidential pollution originating from foreign sources. A more complex evaluation of water quality in the Danube was the objective of the cross-section network studies performed in cooperation with VITUKl and the Central Danube Valley District Water Authority (KÖVIZIG). The distribution of water quality was analysed with the help of round 20 to 40 samples taken from each cross-section.