Hidrológiai Közlöny 1958 (38. évfolyam)

6. szám - Szakváry Jenő - Szitkey László: A hazai törpevízművek ismertetése

JffyJf Hidrológiai Közlöny 1958. 6. sz. Szakváry J.—Szitkey L.: A hazai törpevízművek ismertetése pressure rises to above the surfaee, gravitationally to the eonsumer. Midget water works respectively distributing pipes were first built in 185)0 mainly in plain lands and were maintained by "Well Societies" eomprising the interest.ed parties. Distributing pipes earried almost unexeeptionallv the water obtained from positive drilled wells, and their development was restrieted by the available bead. Consequently, during the past decades several distributing pipe svstems, eaeh served by a separate well, were installed at greater eommunities (e. g. at Szentes 52, at Makó 59, at Hódmezővásárhely 99, at Tiszaföldvár 38). Developments of the mining industry brought about the necessity of ensuring water supply for mining settlements, although their construetion did not follow a eoordinated plan in the first period. Midget water works were built between 1890 and 1920 at a number of eommunities, where loeal sourees were not available, respectively, where repeated epidemics rendered this imperative. The growth of industry during the period from 1930 to 1945 was accompanied by the installation of midget water works at the settlements around industrial centers. The planned development of water supply systems in rural areas has been transferred to the state in 1945, but within the overall framework individual efforts towards the creation of midijét water works are inereasingly encouraged and supported. The development shows a trend of beeoming more and more organized, operation economics, means for metering produced and distributed water quantities, the possibilities of increased storage eto. reeeive more attention. From among the 888 midget water works built during the period from 1890 to 1957, 650 distribution systems were installed, mainly in the districts Csongrád, Szolnok, Bács and Békés, and to a smaller extent in Pest, Hajdú, Tolna and Győr. Mechanized midget water works were mostly built in hilly, respectively mountainous regions, where the provision of bigh storage tanks of adequate capacity is gaining in significance (30 to 40 per Cent of water produetion). Present conditions are shown in Fig. 2. As can be seen, 77 per cent. of the 888 midget water works operate gravitationally. As regards the character of supplied water, 85 per cent. are deep artesian, 10 per cent. underground, 3,5 per cent. surfaee and groundwater in origin while 1,5 per cent. are lifted from mines. The daily per capita quota is, disregarding the daily waste of 11,00 cu. m, about 80 litres. The storage capacity is on the nationwide average 12,5 per cent of the daily produetion, which is due mainly to the predominance of gravitational distributing systems. The pipe length per capita served is 2,05 m on the average, and is considerablylonger in hilly regions, where it attains as mueh as 4 m. The map in Fig. 4 shows the supply systems to be anticipated, respectively to be considered justified during the coming 10 to 15 years. Central water works already existing, respectively planned within the characteristic areas have not been entered. Plans and profiles of characteristic midget water works, respectively distribution systems are shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7. The conclusion to be arrived at from the national survey is, that water supply possibilities should be investigated for eaeh settlement separately and the most economical and teclinically most correct solution should be found and developed with due regard to local conditions. Csónakkikötő a miskolctapolcai tavon Nagy ipari centrumok korszerű városépítészeti megoldásukban feltétlenül igénylik a munkaerő regenerálását szolgáló, könnyen és gyorsan elérhető üdülőtelepeket. Ilyenek kialakítása és a meglévők célszerű kihasználása elsőrendű szociálpolitikai feladat. Hazánkban szerencsés módon éppen a legnagyobb ipari centrumokhoz csatlakozik ilyen, üdülési komplexumok létesülését elősegítő, kedvező természeti keret' (Budai hegyek, Duna, Hámori tó, Miskolctapolca tava, tatai tavak stb.) Ezeknek az üdülési komplexumoknak egyik legfontosabb alkotóeleme az úszásra alkalmas, természetes vagy mesterséges vízfelület, mely a fürdőzési és gyógyászati célokon túlmenően helyenként csónakázásra is alkalmas. Kívánatos, hogy ott, ahol ez