Hidrológiai Közlöny 1949 (29. évfolyam)

11-12. szám - Értekezések. - J. SÜMEGHY, D. Sc.: Artesian wells of the Hungarian Plains

A magyar medeneerendszér tározótereit, vízfelvevő felületeit és víz vezető útjait foglalja összis artézi kútjaink vizsgálatával kapcsolatban a Nemzetközi Geodéziai és Geofizikai Unió Hidrológiai Szakosztályában előadott alábbi magyar tanulmány. Az ilt összefoglalt elgondolások hozzájárulnak a vizek eredetéről megindított országos jelentőségű vitáink eredményes levezetéséhez. Ez a vita az ötéves terv Ivóvíz- és gyógyvízfeltárási célból mélyítésre kerülő artézi kútjainak gazdaságos, azaz olcsó ég földalatti vízkincsünket nem veszélyeztető kivitelezéséihez adja majd. meg a tudományos alapot. „. c. 55

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( Artesian wells oí the Hungárián Plains J. SÜMEG H Y. D. Sc. Ln the Hungárián Plains the water of dug wells fed hy ground-water is not fit for drinking. Their N0

3 contents — for instance — often adjoin 500—1500 mg.'ltr. Tliis fact impelled the people of Hungary to drill artesian wells, the first of which was bored in 1830. Their number is now about 15,000—16,000. Most of them lie in the hasin centre and only'a few of them on the ílanks. Areas suitable for artesian springs are slowly decreasing. Water of tlbe inost frequent 150—200 m. dcep wells rose in the years about 1900 to the height of 100—102 m. over sea level, whilst now they rise only to the altitude of 94—95 ín., and therefore they are only positive in tliese low lying areas. Most of the 20—100 m. deep wells alsó slowly became negatíve. Generally, with increasing number of the wells. their depth increased too, because all the higher water bearing strata became negative, and therefore deeper and deeper strata had to be opened. This fact is due partly the decrease of hydrostatic pressure, caused by uneconomic operation. But the final cause is the geological structure of the Hungárián hasin system which will first be dealt with. Drillings of the last years at several places reaehed the bottom of the basins. According to their results, the Hungárián basin system — lying between the Carpathians and Dinarides — consists of several crystalline and Mesozoic ridges, with basins between, filled up with tertiray and quaternary sediments partly or eniirely covering the ridges. , The geological evolution and structure oí the individual structural units is independent and different; however the whole structure between Alps and Dinarides, is a „coign" (rigid mass — ,.Zwischenmassiv"), with itypical features of cratogenic tectonism. Its most salient point is its south-western cornér, the point of separation of the Alps and Dinarides, from where the above mentioned crystalline and mesozoic ranges are fanning out in northeastern, eastern and south-eastern directions. (Fig. 1.) The most important ridges and sunklands, the strike of which is generally parallel to the strike of the Carpathians, are: the Lajta mts., * Study Prezented to tlie Association of Scientific Hydrology of the Inteiriiational Union of Gjodesy and Geoplliysics on occasion of its Oslo Congress. (1948.) Little Carpathian separating the Vienna and the West-Hungarian basins; the rock islands of Szombathely, the Kőszeg mts. Rozália mts. separating the Graz and the West-IIungarian basins; the Bacher mts. the submerged crystalline mountains of Hegyfalu-Mosonszentpéter, the Inovec rangé, the Rába, Vág. Nyitra rift valley and the series of the Turóc, Liptó and Rajec minor basins. Ridges and sunklands or rift-valleys, witllin the „central-mass", the strike of which differs from "the generál Carpathian strike are: the Vots-Matzel, West-Central mts.; the Nagykanizsa, Bize, Nagyperkáta. Zagyva, Tisza ditch; the Orlica, Sleme, Kalnik mts., the síinken crystalline formations 011 the northern margin of the Alföld, the Radna mts., the Eastern Carpathian rangé; the Ér, Kőrös, Mecsek ditch; the sunken paleozoic formations between the Sleme and Garics mts., the Baranya mts., the buried crystalline and mesozoic formations under the Kiskunság and Central Alföld, and the Hegyes and Bihar mts. Formations, the strike of which is parallel to the Dinarian strike are: the Dráva ditch, the Bilo, Papuk and Fruska-Gora mts., somé sunken crystalline and mesozoic ranges on the southern margin of the Alföld, the Versec mts. and the Sava ditch. The submersion of these ranges began al'ter the Cretaceous, forming the sunklands of the Hungárián plains; the West-Hungarian Plaine including the basins of Vienna and Graz; the „Alföld" (Central Hungárián Basin) and the TransylVanian basin. Of tertiary and quaternary sediments filling up tihe basins, the Eoeene and Oligooene coal-bearing maris, Flisch. limestones and clays have limited extension.

1 Miocéné sediments are more cominon already, because the Miocéné transgression extended over large territories. These sediments are mostly maris, clays, flisch, little limestone and loose sandy deposits. The final development of the Hungárián basin-system took place in the Plioeene only. A magyar medencerendszer artézi kút.iai. Irta: tiiinieghy •József dr. (Magyarnyelvű kivonat a 382. oldalon.) 1 Jaskó S.: Lepusztulás és üledékhalmozódás Ma gyarországon a K linozoikumban. — Erosion and sedimentation in the Hungárián Basin during the Kaiuozoio era.'— Földtani Közlöny. LXXVII. vol. Budapest. 1947. p. 26—38. .351