Hidrológiai Közlöny 1949 (29. évfolyam)
11-12. szám - Értekezések. - J. SÜMEGHY, D. Sc.: Artesian wells of the Hungarian Plains
ÍBUOAPEST / GRAZ í Transsylvanián dasir ^ / Erdélyi medence GredU'Pldne BocüSSjyVj tvanrsica ZAGRAB • Symbals: Jelma gy a rázaf; Slrike of Mountoin Rengés Hegységek csapásai Slrike of Buned Mountoin RiageEltemeted hegységrőgők csapásai Buried Sqnklands Elfemefelf mély árkok Vtr sec Mö pntains Versa- 'fl In this period the above mentioned ranges entirely submerged and the hasins Teceived their final form. The Lower-Pliocene strata (mostly maris, clays and limestones) eontinued their .subsidence in several places is the WestHungarian Basin, on the northern bordér of the Alföld, in the Drava-Sava sunkland etc. forming cauldron-shaped basins or depressions oin the flanks of mountains. In these depressions the upper Plioeene (Levantiam) strata mostly consist of sandy, loose sediments. In the Quaternary the basin of accumulat ion is already smaller tlian in the Tertiary. The subsidence of the .Alföld" continues. The thickness of . the Tertiary and Quaternary sediments is very different. Neogene strata are generally thickest on the borders, whilst the Neogene and Quaternary used to be thickest in the basin centres. Their totál thickness is generally 1500—2500 m., but in rifl valleys and couldron-shaped sunklands they are sometimes even 4000 m. thick. Characteristic for the Hungárián husin system is its fault ed and fractured structure. Faults and fractures affect not only the Tertiary but the greatest part of the Quaternary to. 3 Through the formation of the above mentioned basin system a hydrogeological feature has been developed, the individual basins of which — water bearing strata of various elevation — are communicating with one another. Tn this basin system the western — West Hungárián — and the Eastern — Transylvanian — basins are situated higher than the Central Alföld and Kisalföld. The separating crystalline ridges are very deep submerged, whilst the mesozoic ranges do niöt liinder the free water circulation at all, thus the percolation of water from the higher basins into the lower ones is possible. Water absorbers of this catchment area are limestones, dolomites, loose sandstones, sands, loess and loose tuffs; their territory is about one fifth of the whole surface of the basin system. Water absorbing and water storing formations mag be devideö into two groups. The first group are the Karstwater receivers and containers; mesozoic limestones and dolomites. Their importance is very great. In the second group are contained all other loose, permeable sediments, which supply the basins with water The importance of the first group is gréater. Mesozoic limestone and dolomité ridges offer themselves for the influx oí" water to all permeable strata of the basins, supplying them with water of ihigih pressure. 8 s Telegdy Róth Károly: Magyarország geológiája. — Pécs. 1929. 3 Horusitzky, F.: A víz a föld belsejében. — Hidro lógiai Közlöny. XXII. vol. p. 123—144. Budapest, 1944. Fig. t. ábra.
