Vörös A. szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 16. 1993. (Budapest, 1993)

Perissodactyla From among the Equidae two species can be found in the material, a larger and a smaller one. The former belong to the genus Equus. Azzaroli (1990, p. 349) classified all the Late Pleistocene large or medium sized horses into the species Equus caballus as well as into its different subspecies. According to this classification I described the finds from Tbkod as Equus caballus ssp. Because of the small number of the remains a more precise determination was not possible. The measurements fall into the overlapping domain of the medium sized E. caballus germanicus (Nehring) and the large sized E. caballus abeli (Antonius).These species are stratigraphically rather far from one other. The smaller species is undoubtedly Asinus hydruntinus Regalia. This species is very common in the European Late Pleistocene, especially in Southern Europe. In the south it appeared during the penultimate glaciation (Riss) and disappeared at the end of Pleistocene (Azzaroli 1990, p. 356). In Hungary the earliest remains turned up from the Riss-Würm Interglacial from the Lambrecht Cave, and they are absent even from the middle stage of Würm. Here I have to add, that some small equid remains are known from the Early Holocene of Hungary, which were identified first with A. hydruntinus Regalia as a Pleistocene relic form, but according to another theory these finds belong to Equus hemionus anatolicus, which form immigrated into the Carpathian Basin during the Mesolithic age (Vörös 1981, pp. 55-56). Artiodactyla Finally a few words about the deer remains from Tbkod. I described 4 taxa; red deer (Cervus elaphus), giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus), reindeer (Rangifer sp.) and fallow deer (Dama ? sp.). It is very strange and enigmatic to find the reindeer and the fallow deer together, since the latter is a typically interglacial, while the former is a glacial form (although Rangifer is present in the Lambrecht Cave too, together with interglacial forms e.g. Crocidura and Glis

y which can be found also in the Tokod fauna). Single remains of both species were found: an anterior phalanx I of Rangifer and a lower incisor (I

2 sin.) oiDama. The reindeer find is absolutely certain, but the Dama find is rather dubious. In view of its measurements the tooth is a left second lower incisor of a fallow deer, however its shape differs a bit from that, and more similar to a milk incisor (dl

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) of a red deer. The crown is narrow, considerably curved to labial direction, but along a short section above the root it is straight. At the fallow deer - in the material, what was available for me - the crown of the second incisors curved laterally immediately above the root (Fig. 9). Unfortunately the root of the tooth was broken, hence it cannot be known surely if it was a permanent or a deciduous tooth. It is sure, that the other teeth of Cervus elaphus from Tbkod are larger than the equivalent teeth of a recent animal, but not so much. If definite fallow deer remains were found during the forthcomming excavations, that would signify a close stratigraphical connection with the Süttőian faunal substage. Fig.9: a: Dama ? sp. second incisor from Tokod (layer 5, V.91.273), posterior view; b: anterior view of the same; c: Recent Dama dama I

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