Vörös A. szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 16. 1993. (Budapest, 1993)

CONCLUSIONS On the locality at Tokod - hitherto dated into the Lower Würm cold faunal substage - on the basis of the fauna collected by bed-by-bed washing of the loessy deposits, two substages have been separated, different from one another in climatical and in stratigraphical aspects. The lower layers fall into a mild, interglacial period, where the characteristic micromammals are: Crocidura, Glis, Apodemus, Pitymys, and Microms arvalis is dominant over M. gregalis. The upper layers yielded remains of a beginning glaciation, where the characteristics are: the absence of Crocidura, Glis and Pitymys, the presence of Dicrostonyx, and the dominance of Microms gregalis over M. arvalis. On the basis of the composition of the fauna and the presence of some characteristic forms (e.g. Lagurus lagurus together with Allactaga, presence of a large sized Crocidura (near the measurements of C. robusta Heller), Asinus hydruntinus and Ursus cf. arctos) the locality falls into the middle or later period of the Riss-Würm Interglacial (Varboian substage, type locality: Lambrecht Cave at village of Varbó in the Eastern part of the Bükk Mts., Northern Hungary) as well as (the upper layers) into the beginning part of the Würm Glaciation. One can draw similar conclusions on the basis of the gastropod fauna. In paleozoogeographical aspect the area was most probably a forested steppe with smaller or larger forests, groves and with large open areas. The climate was rather humid than dry, this is indicated by the high percentage of Clethrionomys and Microms oeconomus among the voles. REFERENCES AZZAROLI, A. (1990): The genus Equus in Europe. - In: E. H. Lindsay et al.(Eds.): European Neogene Mammal Chronology. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 339366. HELLER, F. (1960): Würmeiszeitliche und letztinterglaziale Faunenreste von Lobsing bei Neustadt/Donau. - Erlanger Geologische Abhandlungen, 34: 19-33. JÁNOSSY, D. (1953): Ritkább emlősök (Sicista, Apodemus, Asinus) a dorogi és a máriaremetei késő pleisztocénből. - Földtani Közlöny, 83: 419-429. JÁNOSSY, D. (1960): Jelentés tokodi kiszállásról (szept. 15-17.). - MTM Őslénytár Könyvtára, 1 p. (Manuscript) JÁNOSSY, D. (1966): Az európai közép pleisztocén gerinces fauna rétegtani értékelése. - Doktori értekezés, 424 pp. (Manuscript) JÁNOSSY, D. (1971): Der erste Nachweis einer Kalt-Mousterien Vertebratenfauna in Ungarn (TÓkod-Nagyberek, Kom. Komárom). - Vertebrata Hungarica, 12: 103-110. JÁNOSSY, D. (1976): Die Revision jungmittelpleistozäner Vertebratenfaunen in Ungarn. - Fragmenta Mineralogica et Palaeontologica, 7: 29-54. JÁNOSSY, D. (1986): Pleistocene Vertebrate Faunas of Hungary. - Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 208 pp. POPOV, V. V. (1988): Middle Pleistocene Small Mammals (Mammalia: Insectivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia) from Varbeshnitsa (Bulgaria). - Acta Zoologica Cracoviensis, 31:193-234. RADULESCO, C. & SAMSON, P. (1974): Observations sur le Lemming de steppe (Rodentia, Mammalia) du Mindel supérieur de la grotte de Casian (Dobrogea). Travaux de l'Institut de Spéléologie "Emile Racovitza", 13:117-123.