Vörös A. szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 11. 1983. (Budapest, 1983)
toralis, as well as the torsion of the whole bone show some slight differences, the taxonomical value of these features remains questionable). Measurements of the humeri of some larger Turdidae (group 2. ) Turdus pilaris (n-9) T. viscivorus (n=5) T. torquatus (n=2) T. merula (n=5) T. iliacus (n=3) T. ericetorum (n=2) Monticola saxatilis (n=l) length 29. 4-31. 8 32. 0-33. 8 30. 3-30. 8 2 7. 8-2 9. 9 26. 0-26. 7 26. 7-27. 0 25. 9 proximal distal width 9. 4-10. 3 10. 3-10. 6 10.4-10.6 8. 3-9. 3 8.2-8.5 8.2-8.3 8. 6 7.5-8.í 8. 2-9. C 8. 5-8.8 7. 2-7. Í 6. 7-7.{ 7. 0-7. ! 7. 3 width of the diaphysis 7- 3. 2 0-3. 3 8- 3.0 6-2. 9 4- 2.6 5- 2. 7 2. 4 3) To the third group of the Central European members of this family belong the species of Luscinia and Erithacus with a quite different structure of the bone (taxonomical key No. 10 (9), for differences for Sylviidae see the characterisation of that family). The whole habitus of the humerus of these forms resembles that of other small Turdidae, although fossa tricipitalis is very shallow, the dorsal margin of the crista pectoralis rectilinear, in ventral view therefore the whole shape of the proximal epiphysis gracile, compressed. Especially in Luscinia , from caudal view the outstreched form of proximal epiphysis, the ridge proximally, from the fossa tricipitalis continue quite to the ventral side of the bone, tuberculum ventrale covers up (only in caudal view) nearly entirely the ventrally otherwise expanded crus ventrale fossae, tub. ventrale in ventral view short and broad. On the contrary in Erithacus the prox. epiphysis narrower, the tuberculum ventrale not covering (in caudal view) the crus ventrale, the ridge proximally from fossa tricipitalis does not continuing ventrally, tub. ventrale in ventral view narrow, as in other smaller Turdidae. The three species of the genus Luscinia of our region differ in their proportions due to the measurements. Erithacus is on average smaller than the above genus. Measurements of the smaller Turdidae (group 3. ) length width of diaphysis Luscinia suecica 17.0 1.5 L. luscinia (n=2) 17.2-18.6 1.7-1.8 L. megarhynchos 17. 9 1. 6 Erithacus rubecula 16.1 1.4 Remizidae (Plate VII, Fig. 7-8) The only representative of this family in our region is Remiz pendulinus , belonging to the group No. 8 (5) in the taxonomical key. Beside the small dimensions (length 12.3, proximal width 4. 3, distal width 3. 6, diaphysis width 1. 2 mm) being in foreshortened view the proximal epiphysis is more outstretched than in other Passeriformes of the same size category (see also the characterisation of some forms of Fringillidae, e. g. Loxia at the description of that family), the bony bridge of the crus ventrale fossae absolutely reduced, (even more than in Motacillidae too) and hereby the fossa tricipitalis and pneumoanconaea unite as a uniform deepening. The habitus of the whole bone is more robust, distal epiphysis also broad.
