Vörös A. szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 11. 1983. (Budapest, 1983)
Paradoxornithidae (Plate X, Fig. 4 and 10) The only member of this family in Central Europe is Panurus biarmicus , belonging to the group No. 10 (9) in the taxonomical key. Compared with the other members of this morphotype, the slender form is charactersitic (as mentioned at the description of Sylviidae), tuberculum ventrale relatively strong, broad, fossa pneumoanconaea very deep, fossa tricipitalis quite flattened, nearly lacking. Length of the bone 13.4 proximal width 4.1, distal width 3.4, diaph. width 1. 2 mm. Aegithalidae (Plate VII, Fig. 5-6) The only representative of this family dealt with in this paper is Aegithalus cauda- tus , belonging to the morphotype No. 8 (5) in the taxonomical key. There are some resemblances to Remiz, although the diaphysis is slender, the epiphysis relatively more outstreched, the two fossae in the proximal epiphysis not quite confluent, the bone bridge between them rather developed, fossa tricipitalis shallower, f. pneumoanconaea very deep. Length 11.1, prox. width 4.3, distal width 3.5, width of the diaphysis 1.1. Paridae (s. s. Parus) (Palte I, Fig. 3; Plate IX) This family is very well characterised and defined by the humerus having a pneumatized fossa tricipitalis [see taxonomical key 6 (7)]]. It is to be mentioned that sometimes (in less than 1%!) the pneumatic holes are reduced to such a degree that they can be seen only by strong optical enlargement, but the tendency of having pneumatic structure is always ascertainable. Among all, Parus major is identifiable unambiguously by its large size and robust form. Length of humerus measures 17-18 mm, width of diaphysis 1.5-1.7 mm (n=8). Among the smaller species the humerus of Parus montanus seems to be in average the most robust: length 13.2-14.5, width of diaphysis 1.3-1.5 (thickness 1.2-1.4 mm), proximally and distally widened, processus supracondylaris lateralis low. In Parus palustris the proximal epiphysis in caudal view is more outstreched and the distal epiphysis (by the torsion of bone) more slender than in other species. In ventral view the tuberculum ventrale looks slender and elongated, the whole diaphysis slender and in the distal epiphysis the processus flexorius broader than in other species. Length: 14-15, width of diaphysis 1.2-1.4 mm (n=3). In Parus eristatus the distal epiphysis in caudal view seems to be more widened, in ventral view the tuberculum ventrale shorter and more curved, in dorsal view the crista pectoralis stronger. Length 14.2, width of diaphysis 1.4, thickness of the same 1.2 mm (n=l). In Parus coeruleus in caudal view the diaphysis slender and hereby the proximal and distal epiphysis relatively more widened. Tuberculum ventrale similar to P. cristatus, crista pectoralis in dorsal view more curved in its ontline. Length 13.6-14.3, width of diaphysis 1.2-1.3 mm, thickness of diaph. 1.1-1.2 mm (n=5). Parus ater seems to be the most gracile, with shorter crista pectoralis, very low processus supracondylaris (dorsalis). Length 12.7-13.9, width of diaph. 1.2-1.3, thickness of diaph. 1.0-1.1 mm (n=2).
