Folia archeologica 49-50.

István Vörös: Egy vemhes kanca csontváza a Pilismarót-Szobi révi római kiserődben

FOI.IA ARCHAKUX;ICA XLIX-I.. 2001-2002. BUDAPEST SKELETON OF MARE WITH FOAL FROM THE ROMAN FORTRESS AT PILISMARÓT-SZOBI RÉV István VÖRÖS The third phase of the archaeological survey preceding the erection of the Danube dam at Nagymaros—Gabcikovo had started in 1978. The working site A. (MRT 5. site 17/22) was to the W of Pilismarót-Szobi rév (ferry), outside of the flood protection dike, between cca 300-450 m, where prehistoric, Roman and Árpád features and finds came to ligth (Kemenczei-Stanczik 1979., 1982). During the excavations a cca third part of a Roman fossa, encircling a -most probably- military minor fortress was found. The E-W length of the fossa (measuring along the outer side of the E and W sections) is 64 m., the length of the inner area is 58 m. The Southern 25 ms' section of the ground of the fortress was excavated (Fig. 1.). The upper width of the V-shaped fossa (after a bulldozer had removed the earth) was 2,4—3 m. its average depth is 1,5 m. The angles of the fossa are rounded. At the S side in the middle a cca 5 ms' section of the fossa was not dug up. In situ remains of buildings were not found within the excavated area. The archeological finds of the fossa - wall and roof fragments from buildings, weapons, sets of harness and draught, human and animal bones - all refer to a quick clearence, to the infilling of the trench, following some violent action. The storming and destruction of the fortress can be connected with the 167180 A.D. Markomann-Quad wars (TÓTH 1982. 79), or rather 252 A.D.,OR BETWEEN 258-260 A.D. military attack (MÓGSY 1962. 565-566). In certain parts of the fossa the bone remains of animals cut into pieces were found in a great number while in other parts of it there was only one skeleton or part of skeleton. Animal bones came to ligth in the S fossa from section A/I. pit 1., section A/IV (KEMENCZEI-STANCZIK 1979. 9-11. Figs. 3-4.), at 5 m to the W of section S/IV. trench 3., Nr. 18-19., section XX-XXI. trench 3.,to the E from the entqnce ; Nr. 1-9, between 20—30 in, from the S part of the W fossa and from the F, fossa part, Nr. 10-11 and from the N part (Fig. 1.). The most interesting, and at the same time an unique, find assemblage, that is a skeleton (without limbs) of a mare with foal came to light from pit 1. in section A/1. Skeleton of mare with foal (Fig. 2.) The skeleton of this horse found without limbs (head - vertebral column — cheast) lay on her left side in the S part of "pit" A/I. at a depth of 130 cm, with E-W orientation. The head was at a higher level, the trunk was at a deeper one. The cervical-thoracal region of the column is continuous with a regular arch. It is bent in the lumbal region: the row of lumbal vertebrae lay in a SW direction while the sacrum, separated from it as well as the hip bones lay in an SE direction -partly put over the chest- on their lower (ventral) side. The left side 5

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h ribs are broken in their lower third parts, their lower ends moved their original places. Between the rigth side ribs Nr. 9

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h a poorly preserved flat, angular iron