Folia archeologica 37.

Korek József: Karáth József (1913-1985)

26 VIOLA T. DOBOSI - ISTVÁN VÖRÖS HISTORY OF RESEARCH The rock-shelter was discovered and measured in June of 1946 by the Speleologists' Society, called the Tourists' club of Nature-lovers, under the leadership of I. Venkovits. The rock-shelter is situated in a rocky cliff at the end of the southeastern fringe of the Pilis Mts. 386 m above sea level. It is some 50 m south from the Pilisszántó Rock-Shelter I and lies about 37 m below it. The rock-shelter was formed from Triassic Dachstein limestone. Its entrance sits approximately 60 m above the bottom of the valley, facing east — northeast. L. Vértes made a 9 day trial excavations in the rock-shelter, between the 8th and 28th of November in 1946. The excavations were subsidized partly by the Hungarian National Museum and partly by the Factory Committee of the Goldberger & Sons Textile Factory which had offered a sum within the scope of an enterprise called "Workers for Science". The dimensions of the shelter before the excavations were: width —5 m, heigh —2 m, depth — 2,20 m, between the rock wall and the fill of a maximum 2,20 m, thickness there was a circa 10 cm wide fissure running through the whole rock-shelter. At first a 7 m long and 1,80 m wide trial trench running east-west was opened in the rock-shelter and in front of it. According to the original numbering in the excavation notes, the stratigraphical sequence ran as follows: Layer 1 — 20—30 cm thick humus. Layer 2 — Late Neolithic pit with potsherds and animal remains. The finds are lost. Layer 3 — A brown sediment, heavy in stone rubble; it was still present only in front of the rock-shelter. Layer 4 — circa 20—30 cm "greyish white calcareous tuff mixed with some loess". Towards the northern wall of the rock-shelter and its entrance the "here and there tuffic porous loess becomes thinner and disappears". Between layer 7 and the loess this tuff-layer is "quite uncertain and diminishes". Layer 5 — A maximally 70 cm thick characteristic loess, "It is almost completely homogeneous without stones". Near the entrance it becomes this and disappears. The majority of animal remains from the assemblage called by L. Vértes as "upper group of layers" came to light from this layer. Here and there it is permeated by "tuffic veins" and by both living and decayed tree roots. Layer 6 — Below layer 3, with its "spirkling of light brown of stones"; it rises steeply and quickly thins out. Molars and Equus pelvis fragments were found in it. Layer 7 — A "greyish tan" sediment between layer 6 and 4 with a few remains of Equus. In front of the rock-shelter and on the northern side of the cavern between layers 5 and 7, "the transition is uncertain", the two layers are "very similar to each other". Layer 7 fades into the loess. Layers 6 and 7 are present only in the foreground of the rock-shelter, they become thin towards its inner parts.