Folia archeologica 1-2.

Banner János: Bádeni sírok hódmezővásárhelyen, a Bodzásparton

BANNER: GRAVES OF THE «BADEN» CULTURE AT HÓDMEZŐVÁSÁRHELY 19 7 Lásd: Eisner, I. M. XVII. 8. a—b. — MitschaMerheim — Pittioni, I. M. Tafel III. 10—12. — Bayer, I. M. XVII. 2., 3., 6. 8 Lásd a 6. jegyzetet. 9 Zotz, NEUE STEINZEITLICHE KULTURBEZIEHUNGEN IN MITTELSCHLESIEN. Altschlesien, 1936. 56—59. 1. 1

0 Lásd: Tompa, 25 JAHRE URGESCHICHTSFORSCHUNG IN UNGARN. Bericht. 1934—35. Tafel 17:7., 8., 2., 13. — Bálint—Párducz, ÚJABB ŐSKORI TELEP ÓSZENTIVÁN HATÁRÁBAN. Dolg. 1934. X. 23. 1

1 Szabó Kálmán, KECSKEMÉTI MÚZEUM ÁSATÁSAI. I. KISRÉTI PART. Arch. Ért. 1934. 10-39. 1

2 Banner, A BADENI KULTÚRA EMLÉKEI HÓDMEZŐVÁSÁRHELYEN. Dolg. 1935. 128—129. 1. — A most feltárt telep kevert anyaga is jó példával szolgál. 1

3 Dolg. 1934. XII. 10—12., XXV. 14—20., 26. 1

4 I. M. 48. 1. 1

5 I. M. 50. 1. 1

6 Ezekről és a kultúra kronológiai helyzetéről bővebben szólunk majd az egész telep anyagának ismertetése kapcsán. GRAVES OF THE „BADEN" CULTURE AT HÓDMEZŐVÁSÁRHELY ON THE BODZÁSPART The name of Bodzáspart is not unknown in archeological literature. It is a rising ground spreading along the former highroad to Szeged on the west boundary of Hódmezővásárhely. From the former road there is no sign whatever of its being a bank, but if one comes on the balks from the present Szeged road one sees immediately that long piece of rising ground which follows the «Tére-fok» and on one of the highest points of which is the social club and elementary school of Bodzáspart, and on the other is the land of the wheelwright Pap. These two terminal points are about half a kilometre distant from each other. The intermediate properties of S. Balogh and of the widow I. Banga do not reach that height, but they rise remarkably from the wide spreading plain of the Tére. This area had been inhabited from the earliest period of the Late Stone Age, as was the Kotacpart lying about 2 km distant, so far the most significant site of the «Körös» culture. We have already four times excavated on this area. We found the first traces in 1934 on the widow I. Banga's land, the relics of the «Baden» culture.

1 In the year 1935 in the immediate vicinity of the aforementioned land we drove some trenches in which only unimportant stray finds belonging to the same culture came to light.

2 On the other parts of the area we could not work until the year 1937. Balogh's property as well as Pap's was at our disposal in 1937 and in the summer of 1938 we were able to work on Banga's. The finds of the areas are to a certain extent different. The chief difference is that while on the first site the relics of the «Baden» culture occurred undisturbed from other cultures and offer some interesting observations, on the second site they were mixed with the material of a settlement of the «Körös» culture and on the third with the material of the Aeneolithic Period. Naturally the fact that it is mixed with the «Körös» culture does not signify that they were contemporary, but only that the stray finds of the «Baden» culture, even the graves had been embedded in the 150 cm thick layer of the «Körös» culture. The stray finds of the later settlers disturbed the layer as well as even the burials of the former culture appearing unsystematically scattered everywhere on the explored area, where smaller and larger pits had been dug or even burials had been made, not noticable in the layer of culture. The fact that it was mixed with aeneolithic material has a greater significance from the point of view of chronology. We explored about 200 sq. m in area of Balogh's land, but we scarcely found any pit, any trace of a regular settlement. For the present there is no trace of a dwelling but two hearths and two definitely determined animal burials and a grave of a contracted skeleton undoubtedly demonstrate that man of the «Baden» culture had inhabited for a long time this rising ground. The finds from Banga's land are also connected with the aforementioned settlement. The two sites are scarcely 100 m distant from each other, yet there are differences between them. On Banga's which is about 700 sq. m in area we disclosed five hearths, three animal burials, a grave of a contracted skeleton and twenty large pits of refuse. We do not intend here to deal with the great variety of ceramic material of the settlement on Balogh's and Banga's properties. We only wish to state that with this rich material we also found fragments of copper and copper jewellery 2*