Folia archeologica 1-2.

Banner János: Bádeni sírok hódmezővásárhelyen, a Bodzásparton

20 BANNER: GRAVES OF THE «BADEN» CULTURE AT HÓDMEZŐVÁSÁRHELY (a ring and a bracelet). The rich variety of forms and the method of decoration occurring on the settlements will help forward to a great extent the recognition of the material of the culture, and it will greatly contribute not only to the determination of material still hidden also on sites still unknown, but it will contribute to the recognition of that influence, which can not be denied by the development of the forms of our culture of the Bronze Age. 3 At this point we should like only to remark that concerning the animal burials we were not at all surprised. Gy. Cziráky mentions such burials from the prehistoric settlement of Bogojeva,

4 where horned cattle was buried in a mutual grave with man. The animals were buried alone on Balogh's land as well as on Banga's. The one of the two animal skeletons on Balogh's land was underneath a hearth which was covered with burned refuse and sherds, and the other was simply buried in the soil, close to a layer of sherds, while all three on Banga's land were in pits of refuse, in quite extraordinary positions (See PI. II, fig. 4). The most important finds are undoubtedly the three graves of which the one came to light on Balogh's land, the other on Pap's and the third on Banga's. The fact is very important that the grave-goods in two cases were similar, but that of the third was different, differing to a great extent even as regards form, though they all derive undoubtedly from the same culture. GRAVE 1 (Pl. II, figs. 1—2) was on Balogh's land close to one of the hearths, though it was not in any connection with it. The crashed fragments of the grave-goods were almost contiguous with the hearth. The skeleton lay on its right side in a strictly contracted posture 50 cm deep. Its orientation was east-west. Its arms were drawn up. Its total length was 112 cm, and in contracted position 76 cm. From this we can also determine that this was the grave of an infant. All the grave-goods were placed above the head. The skeleton was in such a bad condition that we could only save some teeth. The great number of the grave-goods is remarkable. There were ten vessels in the grave of which some were put into the grave in complete state and others fragmentary, but all of them were in inverted position, which proves that by no means was food placed in them for the dead, nor were there animal bone remains which might have suggested the presence of food. The grave-goods were the following: a) Bowl. (PL. I, fig. 9) The known «Baden» type with the lower part in the form of a truncated cone, with flattened base and samewhat convex bulge, with a neck turning slightly outward and to that an adequately everted rim. Thirteen incisions, placed beside one another, break up the edge of the rim into alternately proportional incisions and plain parts. In accordance with these incisions two lines of dot-like incisions are to be found on the interior surface of the rim. Around the bottom of the plain neck runs a line of dots. From every sixth dot of this line start the sides of equicrural triangles towards the base of the vessel. The triangles ire filled with lines of dots, diminishing downwards. From the vertex of the triangles downwards are three dots in line. On the one side of the bowl, 4 cm distant from each other, are two pierced lugs, scarcely 1 cm broad. The surface between the two lugs is undecorated. The bowl is darkgrey in colour with reddish-yellow patches. It measures 11-7 cm in height, 25 cm in width and 18 cm at the base. b) Bowl. (Pl. I, fig. 2) Resembling to the former concerning its structure and decoration, but in a more complete form. 12-5 cm high, 28-1 cm wide. The base not measurable. c) Bowl. (Pl. I, fig. 3) Similar specimen. Restored from fragments. Its lugs are missing. 12-6 cm in height, 31 cm in width. The base not measurable. d) Bowl. (Pl. I, fig. 4) Similar specimen. Restored. 12-8 cm high, 30 cm wide. The base not measurable. e) Bowl. (Pl. I, fig. 1) Specimen resembling a), but with a pierced lug 3 cm broad. Height 10-5 cm, width 26-2 cm. The base not measurable. g) Bowl. (Pl. I, fig. 7) Specimen similar to the former. There is only so much difference between them that around the outside of the bowl just below the rim runs a line of dots. 12-2 cm high, 28-2 cm wide. The base not measurable. g) Bowl. (Pl. I, fig. 8) Known form, but different in its decoration. On the rim incised little lines alternate with plain spaces, but the interior surface is not ornamented. Around the neck and just below it run two lines of dots, but there are no triangles. About the height, where the vertex of the triangles used to be, runs another line of dots. The bowl is equipped with one lug, identical with that of bowl a). Its height is 10-1 cm, its width 22-5 cm and the base roughly 8 cm. h) Bowl. (Pl. I, fig. 6) Smaller form with a rim turned somewhat more outward. The inside of the rim is unornamented. Below the plain neck is a lug, 2-5 cm long. The surface under the lug is also not decorated. Around the bowl at the height of the lug run two lines of dots. From the lower line at each end of the lug runs a line of dots downwards on the end of which parallel to the former two lines runs another line of dots. The field enclosed by the lines of dots is ornamented with a nett-pattern consisting of transverse lines. The bowl is 8 cm high, 15'5 cm wide and its base 6 cm. i) Twin bowl. (Pl. I, fig. 10) The two bowls are so built together that the exterior parts in touching each other have entirely lost their original form. Both parts have well-shaped bases. Their shape is an inverted truncated cone with sides slightly curving outward. Each of them is provided with a pierced lug, 1 cm broad, just near the junction. Their only decoration is