Az Egri Ho Si Minh Tanárképző Főiskola Tud. Közleményei. 1984. (Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 17)

I. TANULMÁNYOK A TÁRSADALOMTUDOMÁNYOK KÖRÉBŐL - Szabó István: A szóképalkotásról

ON THE CREATION OF METAPHOR ISTVÁN SZABÓ SUMMARY In this article we try to explicate the process by which figurative speech (metaphors, metonymies, synecdoches etc.) is formed. The essence of what we have to say on the subject can be summed up in this precis : 1. The creation of a trope is underlied by associations of ideas and images. These associations are carried out on the basis of superficial similarities, analogies and relations (spacial, temporal, or other). 2. After the Neo-Grammarians, meaning as a lingusitic concept was neglected for decades by structuralist linguists. Figurative speech as an aspect of meaning was banished altogether from linguistic studies. Generative Grammar and Interpretative Semantics might have brought about a turning point in the approach to problems of meaning had it (the latter) not been a strictly formal system; for it has worked out a conceptual framework with the help of which we can describe the creation of metaphors. 3. As a result of (1), rules of semantic compatibility, i.e., selection restrictions are suspended in metaphorical transference of meaning. The clash between incompatible semantic markers of constituents results in semantically anomalous strings, e.g., ,This pig smeared his jacket again.' However, this clash between markers (type crossing) and concomitant semantic anomaly lead to the formation of a new meaning

: pig = slovenly human being. 4. Tropes (dead metaphors included) are present in all registers (poetic style, colloquial speech, scientific discourse etc.). 390