Bács-Kiskun megye múltjából 20. (Kecskemét, 2005)

ÖSSZEFOGLALÓK

ATTILA SZABÓ THE SOCAGE RELATIONS OF SOLT REGION IN THE 18-19 CENTURY The area, lying among the Danube river, the settlements of Little Cumania and the land of the archbishop of Kalocsa, had typical socage status and free peasant privity as well. After the Urbárium of Maria Theresa the villages and market-towns mostly continued to have their land on basis of the contract (and the imposed prize in it) they made with their landlord. They hardly fulfill any work and used their borderland in absence of manor. Impoverished people had already lived in this region in the time of socage settlement, and the unit of land held by serf families was extremely small. The land breaking up into little pieces and the serfs declining into the rank of villeins were continuous until 1848 (the villein is a serf who hasn't got any kind of land). In the meantime we can find a number of examples (in Szalkszentmárton, Kiskörös, Apostag, Vadkert) for the extending of land held by socage. In Akasztó and Apostag the out of tenement stock of the villeins increased. The landlords of Vadkert, Akasztó, Ordas, Dunavecse set up a claim for socage services that resulted in long suits. However, in some places (Ordas, Kiskőrös, Apostag) the whole or a part of the population, who had socage obligation before, redeemed himself by manumission compensation. In Pataj, Dunaegyháza, Kisharta, Kiskőrös the selling of manors had already started before the emancipation of serfs. TIBOR IVÁNYOSI-SZABÓ FUNCTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL STATUTES OF KECSKEMÉT Although it was made two elaborations about the history of public administration of Kecskemét in the recent decades, a really painstaking and comprehensive one is keeping us waiting. This situation has been tried to help by the volume^ that involves the statutes of the city, made in the preceding period of the civil revolution, and by this publication of source materials that also documents the final stage of a long process. In Kecskemét, as in most Hungarian cities, the early breaking of social and economic development caused intense social conflicts and helped the development and strengthening of an antidemocratic system. Therefor the serious economic and social tension, that was also palpable during the preceding centuries, was getting even more stronger in the XVIII-XIX century. The emphasizing of a more and more limited social group's interests during statute making and the abuses of official power, the interweaving of influential families and the corruption, caused by this, grew in such a considerable measure that a serious movement was started again against it in the city. Even if the functional and organizational statutes, published in this volume, didn't provide the development of the frame of democracy, it undisputably enlarged the possibility of self-governism and partly helped to pave the way for civil administration.