Csepely-Knorr Luca: Barren Places to Public Spaces. A History of Publick Park Design in Budapest 1867-1914 (Budapest, 2016)
Appendix
Notes 1 Conway 1991, Layton-Jones 2014 2 These are commonly known as municipal parks, which are special examples of public parks. 3 This book will track the evolution of public parks in the capital until the outbreak ofWWl. Besides the obvious historical facts this division is also justified by the death of Budapest’s second, crucial Head Gardener, Hans Christian (Keresztély) Ilsemann in 1912. 4 Budapest, as we know it today, was created in 1873 with the unification of the three previously independent cities, Pest, Buda and Óbuda. 5 For details about the changing structure of the Városliget Park during the Millennium Exhibition see: Sisa 1996 6 Ferkai 1999, 151: Buda and Óbuda are on the same, west side of the Danube, which is called the ‘Buda’ side. Therefore the green spaces of Óbuda will not be examined separately. 7 For more information on Budapest see: Enyedi-Szirmai 1992 8 As examples one can mention Hyde Park in London, opened in 1637 under the reign of Charles I., or the opening of the Tiergarten in Berlin in 1740 or the Jardin des Tuileries opened in 1667. The Royal Gardens in Buda were only accessible by special permit at the beginning of the 19th century. Conway 1991,4.; Magyar 2008,19. 9 Besides being Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria, Joseph II, was also King of Hungary between 1780 and 1790. 10 The recommendation was made by Kristóf Niczky and János Pavianovics. Rapaics 1940, 268. 11 Magyar 2008,33-38. 12 For detailed description of the plan see: Fatsar 2008, 86-87. Details of the history of the park: Gombos 1974, 143-145. 13 Krisztinaváros is a neighbourhood in central Buda, situated just west of the Royal Castle and Castle Hill. 14 Gárdonyi 1934,35-36. 15 Fatsar 2008, 84-85. 16 Magyar 2008, 67. 17 Magyar 2008, 70. The use of the fortification was finally discontinued in 1874. 18 Schams 1822,405. 19 Ilsemann, Keresztély ( 1850-1912) : Hungarian gardener. For biographical information see appendix. 20 Joseph Anton Johann, Archduke of Austria (1776- 1847), Palatine of Hungary from 1796 to 1847. 21 Alföldy 2001, 279-280. 22 Magyar 2008,70. 23 Lenné, Peter Joseph (1789-1866): German landscape architect. For biographical information see appendix. 24 For more details about the park: Hennebo 1971, 386.; Hoffmann 1971,379.; Nehring 1979, 51. 25 Hoffmann 1971,379. 26 Hennebo 1971, 386. 27 Ferkai 1999,152. 28 For more details of the Károlyi Garden: Fatsar 2008, 181-183. 29 It was in the axis of today’s Deák Ferenc Street. 30 Rapaics 1940,259-261. 31 Schams 1821,390. 32 Petri, Bernhard (1767-1853): German landscape gardener. For biographical information see appendix. 33 Details of the gardens: Galavics 1999, 66-68. For English summary: Alföldy, Gábor: Orczy Gardens. In: Taylor 2006,354. 34 Sckell, Friedrich Ludwig von (1750-1823): German landscape gardener. For biographical information see appendix 35 Count of Rumford, Sir Benjamin Thompson ( 1753— 1814) American politician and physicist. 36 For more details of the Garden Hoffmann 1971,378.; Nehring 1979.22-26.; Buttlar 1999,189-198. For an English summary: Herzog, Rainer: Englischer Garten. In: Taylor 2006, 150. Freyberg 2000 37 Sckell, Friedrich Ludwig von: Beiträge zur Bildenden Gartenkunst. München, 1818, 27. In: Buttlar 1999, 190. 38 Wiegand 1975,23. 39 So called Hirschangerwald (Hirschanger woods) next to the River Isar. 40 The Chinesischer Turm (Chinese tower) and the wooden monopteros with the statue of Apollo (changed to a stone bench designed by Sckell in 1838) was erected in 1790. In 1791 the Rumfordsaal (Rumford hall) was built in the Palladian style. Besides the follies, a monument to the Swiss poet Gessner, and one for Rumford were erected as well. 41 Buttlar 1999, 196-197. The German Walhalla, designed by Leo von Klenze, was originally planned to be in the western part of the Englischer Garten. Sckell also designed a Pantheon to the "noblest leaders of Bavaria". The monopteros in the Englischer Garten, designed by Klenze, is near to the original place of the Pantheon. 42 The Sckell and Petri families were well-known gardeners for generations, and several marriages happened between them. Lack 2002,196. 43 Hirschfeld, Christian Cay Lorenz (1742-1792): a leading theorist in Gardening and Landscape Gardening in Germany. For biographical information see appendix. 44 Gärten, deren Charakter von besonders Bestimmungen abhängig ist. Volksgärten. In: Hirschfeld 1785, 68-74. For an English translation: Parshall 2001, 406-409. 45 Parshall 2001,407. 46 Podmaniczky 1984, 20-21. 47 Francis I, King of Hungary between 1792 and 1835. Also known as Francis II. Holy Roman Emperor between 1792 and 1806. 48 János Hild ( 1760s—1811) arrived to Hungary as an assistant to Isidor Ganneval and worked at the building of the so-called ‘New Building’ (Neugebaude) the major barracks of the city of Pest. He became citizen of Pest in 1789. 49 More details about the Schilson-plan: Preisich 2004, 39-92. 50 The borders being the Danube in west, the area between today s Szent István Park and Ferdinánd Square on the northern side, the line of the Rottenbiller, Fiumei and Orczy Streets on the Eastern side, and Haller Street on the south. 51 Parts of today’s 13th district. 52 Preisich 2004, 54-55. 53 For more details about the work of the Committee: Preisich 2004,61-65. 54 The University Botanical gardens were in Pest city centre between 1782 and 1808. It was relocated to Józsefváros, to the plot owned by the Grassalkovich Family, which later became the site of the National Theatre. In 1847 it was moved to the earlier-mentioned Festetics Garden with the support of Archduke Joseph. For more information see: http://www.fuveszkert. org/a-fuveszkert-tortenete/ 55 Today’s Town Hall. Hild wanted to demolish the Church of the Servite Order and the building behind it. 56 For more details about the history of the Margaret Island: Gombos 1974, 197-211.; Sisa 1992B; Galavics 1999,97-101. Magyar 2008, 91-93. 57 For more details about the city park: Gombos 1974, 139-175, Galavics 1999, 88-96. Magyar 2008, 84-91. For an English summary: Sisa 2015 58 Nebbien 1816,23-24. s9 Probably around ten billion forints (approximately £25 million) today. 60 For details about the changing plans for the city park see: Sisa 1982; Sisa 1996 61 Schams 1821.448-451.The building of the embankments started more intensively after the flood in 1838. 62 Széchenyis letter to countess Júlia Zichy in 1829. In: Bácskai 1993, 8. 63 Széchenyi 1831; Széchenyi 1985; Széchenyi 1995; Bácskai 1993, 8. 64 Bácskai 1993, 8. 65 Siklóssy 1931,42. 66 “It is necessary, before anything else, that any plots in the city will be planted with trees, and not just with rows of trees, but with woodlands. Hereby the dust from elsewhere 146
