Csepely-Knorr Luca: Barren Places to Public Spaces. A History of Publick Park Design in Budapest 1867-1914 (Budapest, 2016)
Appendix
will be eliminated; therefore we will be able to deal with our dust [the dust of Pest] more effectively. Széchenyi 1995, 20. 67 Loudon, John Claudius (1782-1843): Scottish landscape gardener and publicist. For biographical information see appendix. 68 Loudon 1829 69 Széchenyi visited Britain several times between 1815 and 1834, and was one of the most influential anglophiles in Hungary. Sis a 1999, 80. 70 Sisa 1992A, 47. Keresztély Ilsemann also referred to Piickler’s writing as a major source of inspiration. Ilsemann 1895,142. 71 Sisa 1992A, 53. 72 Gombos 1974,178. 73 It is the south part of today’s Szabadság Square. 74 Gombos 1974,179. 75 Lemonade Hut: a small kiosk selling refreshments. 76 Gombos 1974,177-182. 77 Komárik 1993, 34.; Gerle 2004,43. 78 Hevesi 1871,422 79 Széchenyi 1841,313. The title of the book:‘People of the East’. The name Valhalla most probably came from the German example. 80 Széchenyi 1843,34-35. 81 Buttlar 1999,197. 82 Sisa 1992A, 53. 83 For more details: Fatsar 2012A, 2012B 84 Gyáni 1994, Gyáni 1999, 85 Haussmann, Georges-Eugène (1809-1891) French lawyer, Prefect of the Seine Department. Jordan 1995 86 Peter Joseph Lenné also submitted an entry to the competition. He planned the city and the surrounding landscape as one entity. His plan was based on large, interlinking green spaces and parks. Hanák 1988, 26.; Rotenberg 1995; Csendes-Sípos 2005, 37-43.; Magyar 2008,41. 87 Hanák 1988, 26. 88 Hennebo 1970,259-261.; Balogh 2004, 35. 89 Benevolo 1994,195-196. 90 Magyar 2004 91 Stirling 1980; Sisa 2007 92 Repton, Humphrey (1752-1818): English landscape gardener. For biographical information see appendix. 93 Barry, Sir Charles (1795-1860): English architect and landscape designer. For biographical information see appendix. 94 Nesfield, William Andrews (1794-1881): English painter and landscape architect. For biographical information see appendix. 95 Broadbent 1996,109. 96 Paxton, Sir Joseph (1803-1865): English architect and landscape gardener. For biographical information see appendix. 97 Antonetti 2012 98 Buttlar 1999, 219. 99 Rapaics 1940,253. 100 Richter 1970 101 Stirling 1980,15.; Sisa 2007 102 Magyar 2008, 25. About the squares and their development in London in detail see: Longstaffe- Gowan, 2012 103 Nash, John (1752-1835): English architect. For biographical information see appendix. 104 Lasdun 1991,129. 105 Tyack 1992, 88. 106 The original idea did not appear before 1811, at the time when the Duke of Portland rented the land. The first designs for the then ‘Marylebone Estate’ were created by the surveyor John White, initially in 1793 and later the modified version in 1809. Chadwick 1966, 31-32. Taigel-Williamson 1993,122. 107 Chadwick 1966,31. 108 Collins-Crasemann Collins 1986,38. 109 Lasdun 1991,130. 110 Lasdun 1991, 142. 111 Chadwick 1966,32.; Taigel-Williamson 1993,123. 1,2 Balogh 2004,21. 113 Loudon 1822, 1186-1195.; Loudon 1860, 1202- 1218.; Loudon 1835 114 The park was opened in 1840, and was commissioned by Joseph Strutt, a textile magnate. Loudon appreciated this plan as the most important one of his career. He wanted to minimise maintenance costs, and ensure that the park would not become boring after several visits either. As the costs of a botanical garden are much higher, he decided to create an Arboretum. Dendrological education was the primary goal of the park. He planted more than 800 species of tree, and according to the principles of the gardenesque, Loudon emphasised the introduction to the beauty of each individual plant. The follies in the park evoked the Tudor and Elizabethan period. Conway 1991,12-13. 115 Elliott 2000,109. 116 For more about the programme of the park see: Phillips 1856. It is important to note, that the dinosaur statues were commissioned in 1852 from Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, and were inaugurated in 1854. These were the first in the world to depict prehistoric animals, and were before the publication of 'On the Origin of Species’ by Darwin as well. 117 Conway 1991,15. 118 Although the idea had already appeared in Hirschfeld’s publication it is not plausible that Paxton knew about it. Parshall 2007,407. 119 The buildings were designed by Lewis Hornblower and John Robertson. 120 Major, Joshua (1786-1866): English landscape gardener. For biographical information see appendix. 121 Conway 1991, 13. 122 Conway 1996, 81. 123 "improve people's physical health, make them happier and better citizens and encourage them to be virtuous" Conway 2000,10. 124 Olmsted, Frederick Law (1822-1903): American landscape architect. For biographical information see appendix. 125 Original publication of the article: W [Wayfarer]: The People’s Park at Birkenhead, near Liverpool. Horticulturist, May 1851, volume 6, 224-228. 126 Jones—Willis 2005,47. 127 Olmsted 1997,73. 128 Vaux, Calvert (1824-1895): English architect and landscape architect. For biographical information see appendix. 129 For more details on the park: Olmsted-Kimball 1973, 214-232. 130 About the influence between European and American public parks see: Csepely-Knorr 2010 131 Hajós 2007, 54. 132 Jellicoe-Jellicoe 1986,459.; Balogh 2004,35. 133 Alphand, Jean-Charles-Adolphe (1817-1891): French engineer. 134 Magyar 2008, 31. 135 Magyar 2008 136 Jones 1995,277-284, Magyar 2008, 31. 137 Here Meyer referred to Central Park, although in German theory this was already introduced in Hirschfeld’s book. It is possible that by this time Hirschfeld’s theory had faded, but it is also plausible that referring to the famous, new Central Park rather than the old theories of Hirschfeld was more convincing. Hirschfeld 1785,68-74., Parshall 2007,407-408. 138 Olmsted’s Central Park was referred to in Meyers book, so its effect on Meyer’s design theory is presumptive. Parc Buttes-Chaumont was finalised after the publication of Meyer’s book, but it soon became a widely known and referred to example in Europe. For example, William Robinson mentioned the planting ideas in his book about the parks of Paris. 139 Hajós 2007,18. 140 Hanák 1988, 28.; Hajós 2007,18. 141 Selleny, Joseph (1824-1875): Austrian landscape painter. Siebeck, Rudolph (1812-1878): German-bom landscape architect. For biographical information see appendix. 142 Berger 1993, Auböck 1994,72-78. 143 Berger 1993 144 Magyar 2008,42. 145 Csoma 2003 146 Molnár 1885, 3. A Budapesti Magyar Királyi Vinczellérképezde évkönyve. Molnár, István (ed.) Budapest, 1885. 3. 147 The first organisation was founded under the presidency of Sándor Lukácsy, and worked until 1863. Lukácsy later became Ministerial Commissioner of Horticultural and Nursery issues. 148 It was called the Technical College for Horticulture and Viticulture. 149 Ráde, Károly (1864-1946): Hungarian gardener, Head Gardener and later Gardening Director of the Capital. For biographical information see appendix. 147
