Emberelődök nyomában. Az őskor emlékei Északkelet-Magyarországon (Miskolc, 2001)

IDEGENNYELVŰ ÖSSZEFOGLALÓK Ringer Árpád

Within this period Viola T. Dobosi — partly with Katalin Simán's co-operation — made excavations at Bodrogkeresztúr-Henye Moutain, at Megyaszó-Szelestető. The conference held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Miskolc birth of the research of Older Stone Age was an event of the international interest in the scientific and cultural life of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county and Miskolc. The proceeding of the conference were published in 1995 at Les Eyzies. In 1999 the Municipality of Miskolc established the Public Foundation for the Szeleta culture the aim of which is to support Palaeolithic studies and build an exhibition area to display remains from the age of Early Man near Szeleta cave at Miskolc-Alsó Hámor. The main paléographie and paleoecological features of the county The surface features of the county consist first of all of karstic and volcanic mountains and of pediments. The relief is richly dissected by valleys. As for the water system, the rivers Hernád, Sajó, Bódva and Szinva-Garadna brooks are the most important The county has a temperate climate. The vegetation belongs to the Carpathian flora sector, the soil cover consists mostly of brown forest soils of the half temperate zone. Red deer /Cervus elaphus/, roe deer /Capreolus capreolus/, wild boar /Sus scrofa/ are living in the forests even nowadays while brown bear /Ursus arctos/, bison /Bison priscus/ and aurochs /Bos primigenius/ had become extinct during historical times. In the time ofthe Early man the area in the cold maximum periods belonged to the eternal frozen /permafrost/ belt, while during the less severe cold periods it belonged to the zone of periglacial loess formation. At the same time typical loess had accumulated only at a few places in the county e.g. in the Tokaj environment. During the cold periods on the more sheltered surfaces there was taiga while in the interstadial periods a coniferous vegetation with deciduous elements tlourished. Below them grey forest soils had formed. Characteristic animals ofthe Ice Age were the cave bear /Ursus spelaeus/, ibex /Capra ibex/, bison /Bison priscus/, aurochs /Bos primigenius/ and woolly rhinoceros /Rhinoceros antiquitatis/. In the interglacias because of the higher average temperature and precipitation the effects of the Mediterranean and Oceanic climate were more intensive. Within these climatic phases the number of Mediterranean species had grown in the Bükk area both in the vegetation and in the fauna. The Celtis australis and common porcupine /Hystrix/ could exist here even in the last, Eem, interglacial. Near the optimum of the Eem interglacial the formation of the pseudogleyish brown and of a reddish brown forest soil of Mediterranean character took place. In the older interglacials of the Pleistocene Mediterranean forest soils can be detected with an increasingly intensive rubification. Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county was an area of especially favourable conditions for human settlement in the Old Stone Age. According to our present knowledge this area was part of one of the most densely habitated regions of Europe of that time. This region was a mid-mountain area from the Danube Bend to about present day Eperjes /Presov/. To the S and E of it the adjacent area is the tripartite Middle Danube Basin with its central Great Hungarian Plain while to N and W of it there are the Jávoros and Slovakian Erzgebirge and the Lőcse mountains. Actually it is the inner, volcanic range of the Carpathians, variegated with karstic mountains. Between the Bükk mountains and Szerencs hilly are there is the Miskolc gate which, through the valleys of the Hernád, Sajó and Bódva rivers and further through the river valleys of the Poprád and Dunajec provides contact between the Great Hungarian Plain and the German-Polish Lowlands. This route provided track for the annual