Emberelődök nyomában. Az őskor emlékei Északkelet-Magyarországon (Miskolc, 2001)

IDEGENNYELVŰ ÖSSZEFOGLALÓK Ringer Árpád

migration of the mammoth, woolly rhinoceros and reindeer which became especially widespread in the Upper Pleistocene. It is very possible that in the cold phases of the Ice Age the Great Hungarian Plain served as a wintering area while the Northern German-Polish Lowlands were summer grazing areas. The Miskolc gate and the Vistula region near Craców are at the two poles of the animal track providing an especially rich quarry for the Ice Age Man inhabiting the area. Within these two pole areas the most favourable hunting places were situated at those points where — within a relatively small distance — the most different relief features and ecological zones /mid-mountains, hilly and low-land areas/ — meet. Within the Miskolc gate region it was the Szinva valley at the town of Miskolc that had the above-mentioned most favourable conditions. Most important results ofthe study ofthe Paleolithic in the county In Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county during the last years an increasing number of Lower Paleolithic sites were found though they have not been published in detail yet. At the northern border of Miskolc on a hilltop called Kiskőbánya the finds of an older Lower Paleolithic pebble industry were found. According to the excavation made at the site, still only over a small area, stone tools made mostly from quartzite were found in an interglacial paleosoil formed in the older phase of the Ice Age /Table I/. In a section along the Bódva river between Szendrö and Edelény several Lower Palaeolithic sites were mapped during field surveys. At Edelény Akácos hill from a profile containing several paleo-soils /Photo 3/ tools made mostly from quartzite came to light from several levels. When in 1991 the above-mentioned anniversary conference was held in Miskolc, visited the site during an excursion and according to the unanimous of foreign experts the finds might be older than 200.000 years. In the Sajó valley near Vadna the remains of an industry using andésite raw material were found, the same as published from the lower levels of Korolevo in the Ukraine /Figure 21/. Near Miskolc, also in the Kiskőbánya, in a stratigraphie position older than the last interglacial an industry reminding of the Ehringsdorfian was discovered /Table II./. In the Upper Pleistocene from the traditional Middle Palaeolithic /between 130 and 35.000 years/ the largest distribution had the leaf-shaped tool industries and Keilmesser industries, the Bábonyian / Tables III-IV/ and early Szeletian industries. Besides these in the Bükk mountain the Jankovichian industry, the centre of which was in Transdanubia, also existed /Table V.l./. Among non bifacial industries Taubachian /Table VIII/ typical Mousterian appeared as the lower industry of the Suba-lyuk while Chrarentian appeared as the upper, industry of the Suba-lyuk /Table with drawing VI-VII/. From the Avas Hill in Miskolc a Levalloiso-Mousterian, a Denticulate Mousterian from a newly excavated flint mine /Photos 8-9/ were discovered. This latter industry is also present in several levels of the Szeleta cave. In the Upper Palaeolithic in the W part of the Bükk mountains Aurignacian I-II., while in its E part the Developed Szeletian flourished. This industry is rich in Aurignacian and Pavlovian elements; among its leaf-shaped tool types the bifacial leafshaped tool with concave base ofthe Sungir-Strelecki culture can be found as well. Within the Gravettian Bodrogkersztúr Henye mountain and Sajószentpéter Margitkapu dülő have a character near the Pavlovian. In the youngest, fmal phase of the Paleolithic an industry of unique character had spread in which Magdalenian-like types and shouldered tools occur /Table XX/.