Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 21. Budapest, 1990)

GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION The osteological material is fragmentary. The 139 graves yielded 113 skulls of 51 males, 44 females and 18 undeterminable skulls (Inf I, Inf il). The number of the well preserved, measurable skulls is only 17 (15.0%), of 9 males and 8 females. There are 96 (85.0%) fragmentary, unmeasurable skulls (42 male and 36 female and 18 undeterminable skulls). However, I carried out the possible morphoscopical examinations on the fragmentary material, too. Summarizing the partial results we can see that 8 (7.1%) skulls belong to the age group Inf I, while 10 (8.8%) belong to the age group Inf II. This is only 15.9% of all the skulls. 9 (8.0%) skulls could be determined as juvenile. There are 51 (45.1%) males and 44 (38.9%) females in this series. 7.8% of the males died in juvenile age, 43.2% in adult age and 47.1% in mature age, while one of them (1.9%) survived to reach senium age. 5 females (11.4%) died in juvenile age, 32 females (72.7%) in adult age, while only 7 females (15.9%) lived to mature age probably as a result of illnesses related to maternity (Table 1). ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Brain-cases of males are medium long, medium wide, high according to the mean-values. However, there is only one medium wide skull, the others are divided into two groups: 5 skulls are wide or very wide, 3 are narrow or very narrow. Two groups can be separated according to the cranial index: there are 5 brachycranic or hyperbrachycranic skulls and there are 3 dolichocranic and hyperdolichocranic specimens. Otherwise the male skulls are hypsicranic, akrocranic (akrocranic and metriocranic groups), eurymetopic (there are 4 hypereurymetopic and 4 metriometopic skulls). Facial skeletons have the following characteristics: narrow zygomatic arc, wide or narrow bizygomatic arc (there are two groups). Faces are medium (there are some low faces too), upper faces are low or medium high. Orbits are narrow and low or medium high. Nasal apertures are wide in one group and narrow in the other group and they are medium high. Facial skeletons are euryprosopic and euryen. Orbit is mesoconch or hypsiconch, nose is chamaerrhin, palate is mesostaphylin or brachystaphylin. Females

: Brain-cases are divided into two groups according to the mean-values: half of the measurable skulls is short and the other halfis medium long. Otherwise they are wide and high. They are brachycranic, hypsicranic, mesocranic and metriometopic by the indices. However, there is a stenometopic and an eurymetopic group besides the metriometopic skulls. Facial skeletons are characterized by narrow or wide zygomatic arcs (in equal rates) with medium bizygomatic breadth. The faces are high, upper faces are medium high. Orbits are medium wide - narrow (in equal proportions) and medium high. Nasal apertures are narrow or medium wide and medium high (but there is also a low and a high group). Facial skeletons are mesoprosopic, mesen. Orbits are hypsiconch (but there is a chamaeconch group). Noses are mesorrhine, palates are hyperbrachystaphyline, according to the indices (Table 2). The majority of the male skulls' circumference is pentagonoid in norma verticalis. Glabella is generally markedly developed. Degrees 3 and 4 are the most frequent. Protuberantia occipitalis externa is medially developed. Fossa canina is medium deep or shallow. The group of those with very shallow fossa canina is significant. Spina nasalis anterior is medially developed, usually of degrees 2 or 3. Alveolar prognathism is mostly moderate but it is expressed in some cases. Females' skulls circumference is pentagonoid in the majority of cases in norma verticalis. There are some ovoid skulls too. Glabella is weakly developed, degrees 1 and 2 are the most frequent. Protuberantia occipitalis externa is weakly developed, degrees 1 and 0 are the most frequent. Fossa canina is medium deep or shallow. Spina nasalis anterior is moderately developed, most frequently of degree 2. Alveolar prognathism is moderate or expressed (Table 3). Stature of males is medium tall (medium tall - medium - tall are the most frequent categories) calculated by BREITINGER's method. I was able to calculate the stature of 19 male skeletons. Stature of females is also medium tall on the basis of BACH's method, Besides the medium tall category the number of the medium and tall individuals is also significant. The stature of 13 females could also be calculated. Individual measurements of males are summarized in Table 4, those of females in Table 5.