Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 21. Budapest, 1990)

I found an expressed difference between the two sexes. The bones of males are robust, their cranial walls are thick. The cranial and skeletal measurements are large, their mandibulae are strong. The bones of females are gracile. Their cranial walls are thin. Both the cranial and the skeletal measurements are small. The third molars of two male skulls (Grave Nos. 16 and 145) are pin-teeth. These teeth of the skull of Grave No. 145 fell out post mortem, but one of them is well preserved with the individual of Grave No. 16 (Rate 1). TAXONOMICAL ANALYSIS Secondary mprphotaxonomical examination was carried out on 15 well preserved skulls (Table 6). Our series is Europid. Cromagnoid characteristics are displayed most frequently. 5 males and 2 females belong to this group. The CrA group is represented by the male skull of Grave No. 29. Nordoid type characteristics can be observed on 1 female (Grave No. 122) skull (CrA-n). The face is narrower oh this skull. The male of Grave No. 125 bears CrB features. These characteristics are mixed with other ones (CrB-x) on 2 skulls (Grave No. 145, male; Grave No. 63, female). There are two undeterminable Cromagnoid (Cr-x) male skulls (Graves No. 148,16) (Plates 2 and 3). Brachycrans: The males of Graves No. 35 and 117 bear Dinarian race (d) characteristics. The Pamirian race (p) is represented by one female skull (Grave No. 14). These features are mixed with others on the male skull of Grave No. 118 (p-x). The male skull of Grave No. 146 and the female skull of Grave No. 45 belong to the undeterminable brachycrans because of their fragmentary condition. The Nordoid group is represented by 2 female individuals (Grave Nos. 108 and 141). The Mediterraneans are absent from our cemetery. However, their absence may be explained by the low number of well preserved skulls. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS I compared the osteological material of Kaba to 10 Avar period series from the 6th to 9-10th centuries. The selection of the series was principally dictated by their geographic locations. Comparative taxonomical analysis The Kaba cemetery is not a typical Avar period cemetery. Cromagnoids and brachycrans are present in equal proportions. The series of Ártánd and Tiszavasvári indicate similarity to our cemetery in this respect. Szeged - Makkoserdő, Szeged - Kundomb and Szarvas - Kákapuszta cemeteries are analogous to ours on the basis of the frequency of the more important taxa. However, there are two important differences, namely, that Mongoloids and Mediterraneans were not found in our cemetery. The lack of Mediterraneans may be explained by the great number of fragmentary skulls, which are unsuitable for taxonomical analysis. The PENROSE method The "generalized PENROSE distance" (Dp

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) - produced by the joint calculation of 12 measurements - reveals the individual distances of each series from our cemetery (PENROSE 1954) (Table 7). The males of Kaba are very far from all the comparative series. It suggest that they have arrived later to this territory (FÓTHI, E. & PAP, I. 1990). Szentes - Kaján is relatively close to Kaba, but the