Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 17. Budapest, 1981)

Facial fiatnesB index examinations also confirm the Europoid character of our cemetery. Its value turned out to be 6.2 Summing up the experiences we may state that Europoid characteristics dominate the osteological material of the Avar period cemetery of Vác-Kavicsbánya. The examination of primary taxonomical characteristics on some skulls produced values approaching those of Mongoloids, but only in the case of two or three characteristics per individuals. Moderate scale Mongoloid influence can be noticed on the male skull of Grave No. 215 and on the female skulls of Grave No. 157 and 170. 2. Analysis of secondary taxonomical characteristics We used the so called distribution on the basis of the ruling component method (LIPTÁK 1954a) in the process of our type analysis. The results of individual diagnosis made it possible for us to shape up the general anthropological character of the cemetery examined. The advantage of this method is that individual finds can be summarized by viewpoints chosen at will (LIPTÁK VÁMOS 1969). We could carry out morphotaxonomical examinations on 39 skulls of good preservation. 23 of these were male skulls and 16 female ones. We took into consideration stature values obtained by the BREITINGER (1938) BACH (1965) method (Table 10). The characterization of individual taxons can be found in LIPTÁK'

s university handbook (1969). This series shows the characteristics of the Nordoid group with the greatest frequency within the Europid great race. 5 males and 7 females belong to this g»up. Nordic characteristics are mixed with those of an undetermined type on the male skulls of Graves No. 117 and 169 and on the female skulls of 5 graves (No. 157, 244, 289, 345, 350) (n-x). The characteristics of type crA can be observed on 1 male (grave 431) and 1 female (grave 238) skull (N-crA). The female skull of Grave No. 214 can be classified into the n-cr(x) group because it bears Cromagnoid as well as Nordoid race characteristics. 6 males and 4 females can be classified as Brachycrans

. The characteristics of the Pamirian race can be found on 2 male skulls (graves 297, 491). The female skull of Grave No. 233 is a representative of the Armenoid race (a). The male skulls of Graves No. 123 and 313 and the female skull of Grave No. 290 belong to the undetermined Brachycrans. We used the designation br-x in 4 cases, in which the combination of several characteristics can be observed, but none of them is dominant. The Cromagnoid group is represented by 7 skulls, of which 5 are males and 2 are females. The characteristics of the type crA are dominant on the male skull of Grave No. 316. In the cases of 2 males (graves 128, 198) and 1 female (grave 170) the characteristics of this type are mixed other, undetermined characteristics (crA-x). The crB group is represented by the male skull of Grave No. 215 and the female skull of Grave No. 129. The crB characteristics are mixed with other ones on the male skull of Grave No. 267 (crB-x). The Gracile Mediterranean type (m) is present in the greatest number from the Mediterranean group: the male skulls of Graves No. 204, 232, 234. The characteristics of an other undetermined type also appear on the male skull of Grave No, 156 and on the female skull of Grave No. 162 (m-x). We can Bee clearly the characters of the Atlanto-Mediterranean type (am) on the male skull of Grave No. 284 and we can see them mixed with the characteristics of another type on the female skull of Grave No. 210 (am-x). 3 individuals (7.7%) with extremely low skulls could be found in our series (Hyperchamaecrans on the basis of the value of the length-height index) and we gave them the Chamaecran Europids collective designation. The male of Grave No. 334 and the female of Grave No. 120 are both of large-medium stature and are Mesocrantans. The male skull of Grave No. 202 is a bit fragmentlc, BO the value of the cranial index is absent, but the characteristic skull form of Chamaecranians is clearly visible. All the three skulls are of Europid character, though two primary taxonomical characteristics of the male skull of Grave No. 202 and one of the female skull of Grave No. 120 indicate Mongoloid influence. As Chamaecrania is characteristic for the majority of Mongolid race their frequent occurence on Mongolid types is understandable. Some ancient Europid races could have its part in the formation of the similarly high rate which is perceptible on Europoid types (LIPTÁK 1954a). These can be found in several series of the Avar period, for example their rate Is 14.5% in the series of Szeged-Kundomb (LIPTÁK & MARCSIK 1966) and 19.1% in the «eries