Amerikai Magyar Értesítő, 1983 (19. évfolyam, 1-12. szám)
1983-09-01 / 9. szám
l6.oldal Amerikai Magyar L rtesito 1983* szeptember North Africa/Mideast Arabian 92,647 Armenian 212,621 Assyrian 29,268 Egyptian 41,122 Ethlopiar 7,641 Iraqi 15,621 Iranian 122,890 Israeli 52,843 Jordanian 11,499 Lebanese 294,895 Palestinian 21,288 Syrian 106,638 Turkish 64,691 Other 44,174 South/Central Africa Afro-American 20,964,729 Cape Verdean 23,215 Nigerian 47,857 South African 8.658 Other 242,008 Far East Asian Indian 311,953 Cambodian 18,102 Chinese 894,453 Filipino 795,255 Indonesian 25,873 Japanese 791,275 Korean 376,676 Laotian 55,598 Pakistani 25,963 Taiwanese 16,390 Thai 64,024 Vietnamese 215,184 Other 105,632 Pacific Australian 53,754 Guamanian/ Chamorro 27,015 Hawaiian 202,054 Other 70,552 Caribbean Bahamian 11,975 Barbadian 21,425 Bermudan 10,551 British West Indian 9,827 Cuban 597,702 Dominican 170,698 Dutch West Indian 38,408 Haitian 90,223 Jamaican 253,268 Puerto Rican 1,443,862 Trinidadian/ Tobagonian 43,812 Virgin Islander 7,098 Mexico/Central/South America Argentinian 37,909 Bolivian 16,048 Brazilian 27,640 Chilean 31,843 Colombian 156,276 Costa Rican 26,992 Ecuadoran 87,973 Guatemalan 62,098 Guyanese 31,853 Honduran 55,565 Mexican 7,692.619 Nicaraguan 45,077 Panamanian 44,754 Peruvian 57,938 Salvadoran 84,757 Uruguayan 8,590 Venezuelan 33,029 Other 206,369 North America Aleut and Eskimo 50,555 American Indian 6,715,819 Canadian 456,212 French Canadian 780,488 Other 12,845 Source: U S Cantu« Bureau Building an embassy in Moscow: nails, mortar, politics By Gil Klein Tampa, Fla. Willie Canaday was not surprised when 500 Soviet workers recently walked off the job at the new United States Embassy site in Moscow. ‘‘It’s just another in the moves of the political chess game surrounding the Embassy construction,” says Mr. Canaday, who worked on the Embassy project as the State Department’s manager of planning and logistics. “It’s just part of a pattern of noncooperation, which included problems of getting materials through customs, poor production, and poor construction quality.” Canaday, last month reinstated as the Tampa-supervisor of the US Army Corps of Engineers, says he had seen the dispute coming during the last of two years he spent in Moscow. His only surprise was that it had not come to a head earlier. But most of the construction problems he faced while working on the $120 million-plus, 10-acre Embassy complex had little to do with East-West antagonism, he says. Work on the Embassy is going faster than work on many surrounding buildings. It’s just the way the Soviets do business, he says. And how a building is constructed tells something about how a society is constructed, he notes. For example, negotiations on how the work should be done could require a monumental effort. “The first time I went to a negotiating session, I went alone with an interpreter,” ht says. “I was surprised to see I was facing 22 Soviets, yet no one on the Soviet side could make a decision. “Every decision had to be reduced to diplomatic protocol,” he says. “That meant evJune 10,1983 erything had to be written and rewritten in both languages.” Under an agreement between the two nations, all of the Embassy’s basic structural work had to be done by Soviet workers and equipment directed by Soviet contractors, he says. Yet sometimes it would take three or four months to get the type of worker needed for a particular job. “The workers have no incentive, no pride in their work,” he says. "They’re poorly trained, and they lack adequate tools to do quantity and quality construction.” The contractors lacked the authority to get construction machinery delivered on time, he says. All the workers were pulled away from the project to prepare for the 1980 Olympic Games, and all the trucks needed for excavation disappeared during the potato harvest. Canaday says he had thought the Soviets were trying to step up the work because their new Embassy compound in Washington is nearly completed, and it can’t be occupied until the American Embassy in Moscow is finished. But on May 26 Soviet workers stopped construction to protest the use of X-ray equipment Americans have imported to check construction quality. “The new French Embassy had a balcony fall,” Canaday says. “That made us want to do the testing.” Also, there probably was political motivation for the X-ray check. The X-ray equipment would look for listening devices possibly hidden by Soviet workers in the building’s structure. The Embassy was scheduled to be finished by the end of 1983, he says, but it is less than 50 percent completed. He estimates that by 1985 American diplomats may be able to move from the cramped, decrepit pre-Revolution building that serves as their Embassy. The delays don’t necessarily mean that the Soviets are giving Americans trouble just for the sake of superpower politics. Canaday says. All of the construction he saw in Moscow was moving as slowly or slower. “We are much further along in our building than others started at the same time," he says. “Nothing in Moscow finishes in less than five years,” he says. “They’re building instant slums because construction takes so long and the quality is so poor that they |the buildings] begin to deteriorate before they are finished.” But Canaday says Soviet inefficiency in building should not lull Americans into thinking the Soviet military threat to the West has been overstated. “Soviet technology and materials are geared to two things: their space program and their military," he says. “The chosen people are in the space and military industries.” THE CHRISTIAN SCENCE MONITOR In Poland, little things mean a lot. Since the imposition of martial law in December 1981, it has been a crime • to sing the national anthem or raise the national flag in public • to speak certain words and phrases • to make a particular gesture with index and middle fingers • to read publications deemed unsuitable • to display posters or banners with lettering and colors that have special associations • to wear a pin or button that has unapproved significance • to organize, congregate for, or participate in any unsanctioned gathering Even if martial law should be “lifted” on July 22 as has been hinted, those simple personal expressions with their extraordinary symbolic value will remain crimes
