Vízügyi Közlemények, 2003 (85. évfolyam)

4. füzet - Rövidebb tanulmányok, közlemények, beszámolók

Gátszakadás a Gyula I. szivattyútelepnél 679 Kruzslicz /.: A hódmezővásárhelyi árvíz 1887-ben. Hidrológiai Közlöny, 68. évf., 5. szám, 1988. KvassayJ:. A Duna- és Tisza-völgyi ármentesítő társulatokra vonatkozó statistikai adatok. Pátria irodalmi vállalat és nyomdai részvénytársaság, Budapest. 1900. KvassayJ:. A vízi társulatokra vonatkozó statistikai adatok. Pallas részvénytársaság nyomdája, Budapest. 1913. Nagy L.\ Árvízvédelmi gátak szakadásai. Szakadások statisztikai feldolgozása, VA kutatási jelentés kézirat. 2001. Nagy L:. 200 years dike failures in the Carpathian Basin, Proc. of the 2

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d International Symposium on Flood Defence ISFD'2002. Balkema Publishers, Beijing. 2002. Rátky /.: A Körös-völgyi árvízi szükségtározókkal kapcsolatos hidraulikai vizsgálatok II. A mályvádi szükségtározás hidraulikai hatásának vizsgálata. Műszaki tanulmány, kézirat. 1998. Rátky I. : A Körös-völgyi árvízi szükségtározókkal kapcsolatos hidraulikai vizsgálatok III. A mérgesi szükségtározó hidrológiai-hidraulikai felülvizsgálata. Műszaki tanulmány, kézirat. 1999. Sümegi M:. A Rába 1883 évi árvizének 120. évfordulóján. Hidrológiai Közlöny, 6. szám, 2003. Zawadowski A: Magyarország vizeinek statistikája I.

—II. M. Kir. Statistikai Hivatal, Budapest. 1891. * * * Dike rupture at the pumping station Gyula I by György DENES, and László NAGY, civil engineers Out of the more than 2200 dike ruptures registered in the Carpathian Basin, in over 20 cases the mechanism of the dike rupture was connected with a built-in structure within the dike's body or with the surroundings of the latter (Table /). Dike ruptures of the latter type were always payed a particular attention, since they provided important warning lessons for hydraulic engineers (Nag

y 2001, 2002). The so far last dike rupture in the closest sorruondings of a built-in structure, took place in 1995 near to the pumping station „Gyula /". Accordind to the forecast water levels ( Table П), a flood overtopping all former records had to be expected. The history of the floodwave is displayed in Fig. 4. Thanks to the competent measures taken (Figs. 3, 5, 6 and 7), the floodwave passed without causing considerable damages. The following lessons can be drawn from an investigation concerning the causes of the dike rupture (Figs. 9 and 10) occurring in the neighbourhood of the sluice (Figs. 1 and 2) of the pumping station Gyula I: - Any structure built into the body of a dike for flood defence must be protected, at any rate, by a prolongation of the seepage path. - The dike crest can be paved only after having reached its prescribed level. Provisional facilities against overtopping (e.g., sandbags) must not be put onto the pavement, since this would increase the risk of shear failure (like in the commune area of Nagykörű, situated on the middle reach of the Tisza River, during the flood in April 2000, where the critical event, fortunately, could be localized in time). - Even when the height of the dike crest corresponds to the prescribed level, no sheet of transmissive material must be put under its pavement, since this would also seriously hamper the chances of a defence against overtopping. - The first 0.6-0.8 m thick top layer of the earth dike is, under atmospheric effects, usually grown old with fissures, thus not really waterproof, so that its load capacity can be counted on only to a limited extense. During the floodwaves of the Rivers Danube and Tisza, taking place in the last years, dangerous flood situations have often arisen in the surroundings of built-in structures, such as that in the neighborhood of the pumping stations of Ujlőrincfalva, Riese, Karád and the sluices of Tyúktelep and Szava. The danger of dike rupture was succesfully averted at this sites