Vízügyi Közlemények, 1999 (81. évfolyam)
4. füzet - Ivicsics Lajos: Árvizek Szlovákiában 1998-ban és 1999-ben
690 Ivicsics Lajos vakia (Hajtásova-Mikulickova, 1999). There was 130 mm rainfall during 48 hours at some locations (Abaffy-Kadubec, 1999). The 50 year and the 100 year flows were recorded in some of the rivers and there was also a stream (the Litavica at Palást/Palástovce), which carried the 1,000 year flow (Abaffy-Kadubec, 1999). The River Morava started to flood at Moravsky Svaty Ján on the 22 n d of June. The rise of the water level was 3 m and the flood was peaking with 4.9 m on the 24 t h of June (Figure 8.). The River Nitra and its tributaries started to flood on the 22 n d of June, peaking on the same day. Recession also started rapidly upon the ceasing of the rainfall (Figure 9.). The flood of the River Ipel was peaking at Ipolyviss on the 23 r d of June by 6.06 m (Figure 10). The July floods of 1999 of Slovakia were triggered by a low pressure zone which was formed in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea. This low pressure field moved towards the north, in association with heavy rains, crossed Slovakia and mostly over the eastern and middle part of the country (Rigo 1999b). This resulted in 196 mm rainfall, between and 15 of July, on the catchment area of the River Hron, 137 mm in the Ipoly river catchment and 142 mm in the catchment of the River Rima. Especially high were the daily rainfall depths: 60 mm at Bánska Bistrica, 72 mm at Dobra Nivá, 81 mm at Krupina and 56 mm at Brezno. The flood of the River Ipel started on the 10 t h of July was peaking on the 15 t h of June by 5.12 m (Figure 11). Flood defence was relatively easier in Slovakia due to the storage options available in the many reservoirs of these rivers. Flood peaks were considerable reduced by storage and this relieved defence work downstream. The storage operations were significantly enhanced by the timely emptying, already in the middle of February, of the reservoirs to provide more storage volume for the expectable floods. The significance of meteorological forecasts is increasing in all seasons and they contribute to the relieving of flooding hazards. Introduction to the "zero-level flood control preparedness" is the joint interest of all riparian countries. This requires the close co-operation of the countries of the Carpathian Basin. Conditions and options of this co-operation have to be established. It follows from the above considerations that: — the stability and flood-control capacity of the levees should be reviewed; — priorities and time scheduling of upgrading activities must be determined; — upgrading of technical capacities must be made in due concern to the financial resources of the countries. * * * Hochwässer in der Slowakei während 1998 und 1999 von Dr.-Ing. Lajos IVICSICS CSc. Der größte Teil des Landesgebietes der Slowakei gehört zu den Einzugsgebieten verschiedener ungarischer Flüsse (Bild 1). So ist es auch für die ungarischen Fachleute von großem Interesse, einen Überblick über den Ablauf der während 1998 und 1999 stattgefundenen Hochwässer entlang der Oberläufe dieser Flüsse zu gewinnen. Im Jahr 1998 gab es in der Slowakei überdurchschnittliche Niederschläge, wobei große Wassermengen zum Abfluß kamen. Im oberen Einzugsgebietsteil der Theiß wurden die Hochwasserwellen durch den auf den gesättigten Boden Ende Oktober und Anfang November gefallenen Großniederschlag sowie durch die am Ende des Winters stattgefundene plötzliche Aufwärmung ausgelöst.
