Vízügyi Közlemények, 1999 (81. évfolyam)
4. füzet - Ivicsics Lajos: Árvizek Szlovákiában 1998-ban és 1999-ben
Árvizek Szlovákiában 1998-ban és 1999-ben 689 Hajtásová, K.-Kosiálová, M. : Február a marec 1999 na slovensk^ch tokoch. Vodohospodársky spravodajca, Bratislava, XLII., 1999. 5. Hajtás ová, K.-Kos iálová, M.: Trety stuperi povodriovej aktivity. Vodohospodársky spravodajca, XLII 1999.9. Hambek, B.-Virág, P.: Marcová povoderi na Morave. Vodohospodársky spravodajca, Bratislava, XLII., 1999. 5. Handzok, О/. Povodne v marci 1999 v povodi Tisy. Vodohospodársky spravodajca, Bratislava, XLII., 1999. 5. Handzok, О.: Povodne v novembri 1998 v povodi Tisy. Vodohospodársky spravodajca, Bratislava. 1999. XLII., 5. Rigo, F.: Marcové povodriové prietoky (a ich následky v územnej pôsobnosti OZ Povodia Hrona). Vodohospodársky spravodajca, Bratislava, XLII., 1999. 5. Rigo, F: Následky júlovej povodne. Vodohospodársky spravodajca, Bratislava, XLII. 10. 1999b. Tkác, J.-Borsó, M:. Povodert-marec 1999. Vodohospodársky spravodajca, XLII., Bratislava, 1999. 5. * * * Floods in Slovakia in 1998 and 1999 by Dr. Lajos 1V1CSICS, C.E., C.Sc The larger part of Slovakia belongs to the catchment area of Hungarian streams, disregarding the site of the country border (Figure 1). Therefore it is interesting to review the upstream history of floods, which have occurred in 1998 and 1999 in Hungary. In Slovakia the year 1998 was rainier that the average and the streams carried substantial flows. The floods were caused by heavy rains falling in October and early November onto the relatively moist soils of the catchment of the Upper Tisza River. Sudden warming up in the end of the year also added to the problem. The flood of the River Ung between 28 October and 4 December was caused by heavy rains in the Ukrainian part of the catchment. In Slovakia two opening had to be blasted into the left bank levee of the River Ung, to counteract flooding. This has halted the further rising of water levels and recession started after a peaking with 10.60 m level (Figure 2.). There were two major causes of the floods of the spring of 1999, in Slovakia: The whole of Slovakia was under snow cover and heavy rainfall was associated with the rapid warming of air temperature. In addition to this, the flow carrying capacity of the river channels was significantly reduced by the accumulated ice. The flood hydrograph of the River Danube was not an extreme one, but the extremely rapid increase of the water level at Station Dévény is worth mentioning: the water level has risen by 3.16 m during 24 h. (Figure 3.). Due to the rapid rise of the water level of the River Trnávka (Figures 4. and 5.) the right bank levee had to be heightened over 80 m length in the vicinity of Töketerebes-Milhost. Later, on the 7 lh of March, the left bank levee of the River Trnávka had to be cut through downstream of Tőketerebes, to counteract the further rising of water levels. Floods of the River Latorca were successfully combated by throwing sand bags from helicopters. The flood of the River Bodrog was peaking on the 12 t h of March, 1999 with 9.54 m (Figure 6). The flood of the River Ipel started on the 9 l h of March at Vyskovce nad Iplom, exceeding the level 3. flood-preparedness stage by 5.03 m. Floods of the River Morava, in March 1999, did not have any serious unfavourable consequences (Hambek and Virág, 1999). In 21-23 June, 1999 there were heavy raisntorms on the catchment of the River Morava, in Slovakia. This was preceded by heavy rainstorms during the previous days over many parts of Slo-
