Vízügyi Közlemények, 1998 (80. évfolyam)

2. füzet - Szlávik L.-Fejér L.: Töltésszakadások a Felső-Tiszán 1947 szilveszterén

314 Szlávik L—Fejér L. Szlávik L.-Búzás Zs.-Illés L.-Tarnóy A. : A Tisza-völgyi nemzetközi vízgazdálkodási együttműködés. Vízügyi Közlemények LXXIX. évfolyam. 3. füzet. 1997. SzN: a Szabad Nép 1948. évfolyamának lapszámai Tápay L.\ Kézírásos helyzetjelentés 1947. december 3 l-én 23 órakor (Kézirat, 3 oldal) Tápay /..: Válaszlevele Serf Egyed miniszteri biztosnak. (Kézirat, 5 oldal) Fehérgyarmat. 1948. április 13. 7"D7"(Tisza-Dunavölgyi Társulat): 1948. évi február hó 7.-én tartott rendes évi közgyűlésének jegyzökönyve. (Kézirat) Budapest. 1948a. 7"D7" (Tisza-Dunavölgyi Társulat): A Társulat központi bizottságának 1948. évi közgyűléséhez intézett jelentése. (Kézirat) Budapest. 1948b. TDT (Tisza-Dunavölgyi Társulat): Feljegyzés a Tisza-Dunavölgyi Társulat árvízvédelmi albizottságának 1948. május 25-i ülésére a felső-tiszai árvíz tárgyában (Kézirat. 9 oldal) Budapest. 1948c. Vágás /.: A Tisza árvizei. Budapest, 1982. [A kéziratos forrásmunkák lelőhelye: a Felső-Tisza-vidéki Vízügyi Igazgatóság múzeumi gyűjteménye (Nyíregyháza); Vízügyi Múzeum, Levéltár és Könyvgyűjtemény (Budapest)] * * * Levee failures of the Upper Tisza river in the last days of 1947 by Dr. Lajos SZLAVIK Ph. D. and László FEJÉR, civil engineers An extreme flood hydrograph, exceeding all earlier records, was observed in the last days of December 1947, in the Upper Tisza river (Table Г). Weather conditions triggering off this flood wave were characterized by extreme cold around 21st of December and the resulting frozen soil. Next a snowfall, exceeding twice the multiannual average at Tiszabecs (Figure /.), occurred. The snowcover became deeper than 1.0 m at around Christmas day, upon another snowfall lasting for two days. A fierce cyclone of the last days of December brought unexpectedly along springtime temperatures (Figure I.) and a high rainstorm. There was no infiltration because of the jivzen soil and practically all waters run off. The flood was peaking at Tiszabecs on the 31-st of December with water stage 0.65 cm higher than the ever observed maximum. This peaking had already been influenced by a levee failure of

250 m length beyond the country border at about 1.0 km upstream on the left bank (Figure 2.). Flood levels along the river stretch between Tiszabecs and Tivadar exceeded the earlier maximums by 0.45 m and 1.03 m, respectively (Figure 3.. Table I). There were several subsequent levee failures along the Hungarian reach. In addition to the extremely high water stages of the River Tisza the tributary rivers Szamos and Túr were also flooding. The peaking water stage of the River Túr at Garbolc was 0.40 m higher than the earlier maximum. The first failure occurred on the 30th of December at 6.0 a.m on Soviet territory, between Tiszaújlak and Bökény over about 250 m length in the left-bank levee, which was constructed in 1

9411944. The outflowing vast water quantities were superimposing onto the already high water levels of the River Batár, which was created by the impounding backwaters of the Tisza flood through the unprotected river mouth. The resulting water levels exceeded the levee crest of the River Batár along about 4.5 km length by 0.2 m in average. Overflowing waters have destroyed the levee over about 100 m length at 2.5 km upstream of the Tiszabecs gauge. As estimated by the records of the Tiszabecs gauge this failure occurred on the 30 of December before 12:00 h. About 78 million m

3 water had flown out of the failure opening and over the levee onto the protected areas inundating the area which is bordered by the Tisza levee between Tiszakórod-Tiszabecs and the right bank levee of Túr between Tiszakóród and Kishódos and flooding the villages Tiszabecs, Uszka, Milota, Tiszacsécse, Tiszakóród and Magosliget (Figure 2.). The extreme flood of Silvester 1947 had overtopped the right bank Tisza levee upstream of the gauge of Tivadar, breaking it over 100 m length at 370 m upstream of the gauge, over 20 m length