Vízügyi Közlemények, 1992 (74. évfolyam)
1. füzet - Pálfai Imre: Feladatok a Tisza Csongrád megyei szakaszán
70 I'dlfai Imre vül is, hiszen ez nemcsak a növény- és állatvilág zavartalan életének, hanem az emberek igazi üdülésének és sportolásának is alapvető feltétele. Ezért a levegőt észrevehetően szennyező és nagy zajjal járó gazdálkodási tevékenységet és szórakozási formákat a hullámtérben, különösen annak üdülőövezeti részein, nem szabad megengedni. Végül a térség természeti értékeinek és üdülési lehetőségeinek együttes bemutatására és propagálására hívjuk fel a figyelmet. * * * Tasks of managing Tisza River section in Csongrád County by Dr. Imre PÁLFAI, C.E. River Tisza is a large tributary river of Danube. Its drainage basin is shared by five countries. River Tisza is of lowland character in its Hungarian part. The lenght of the river section in Csongrád County is 108 km (Fig. 1). A group of the management tasks along this river reach is related to the protection of the environment. Flood protection (Fig. 2), that is the further development of the levees along both banks of the river, is a necessity because the value of the protected land is very high (the largest municipalities and the bulk of the industrial plants fall into the flood-endangered zone) and the already high flood water levels exhibit increasing tendency (Fig. 3). Protection of the water resources requires, primarily, the improvement of water quality (Fig. 4), that is the halting of the moderately deteriorating tendencies. Most of the objections is of bacteriological nature, especially in the river reach downstream of the confluence with River Maros, where untreated sewages of the county seat Szeged are discharged into the river, while River Maros carries substantial pollution load as well. Considerable improvement, however, can be expected from international joint efforts only. Nature and landscape conservation activities are of high level in both of the nature preserves that include the flood plains of the river. Other parts of the forested flood plain are also of special value and worth of protection. Another group of tasks relates to the utilization of the river. The river is not utilized for drinking water supply and hardly for industrial water supply (these services are based on groundwater resources). Nevertheless agricultural water demand is rather high; an area of about 200 km 2 is equipped for irrigation and there are fish ponds with a total area of 34 km 2. Annual agricultural water consumption is about 30-80 million m J (Fig. 5). Further tasks include the securing of irrigation water supply for other areas nearby the river and further off the river (in accordance with future demands). Navigation is rather underdeveloped in the Tisza river. Navigation development - fitted into the national traffic development plans - would be justifiable and feasible. Economic aspects will influence these decisions. There is a possibility of utilizing hydropower in the vicinity of the City of Csongrád (upstream of the river mouth of Hármas Körös) as one of the contemplated water uses of the planned river dam. The construction of the river dam, however, is not a timely question at the present. Agriculture and forestry in the floodplain should be harmonized with the interests of nature conservation, with more emphasis on forestry. The river and its floodplains provide excellent resorts for recreation and water sports (Fig. 6). These water uses could be even expanded, although with due concern to the preservation of the landscape and to the avoidance of crowdedness. Determination of the complex water management tasks should be made in harmony with the development plans of the riparian settlements as well as with regional and national development plans.
