Vízügyi Közlemények, 1992 (74. évfolyam)

4. füzet - Pálfai Imre: Vízkészlet-gazdálkodás az Alföldön

Pálfai Imre 373 Discussing the classic tools of water resources management (water balance, longitudinal profile of water management activities) he states that they correspond rather to conditions of hilly (free-flowing) water courses, while on the plains - where most of the water users draw water not from the natural water courses but from man made irrigation and drainage canals fed by these former - the mechanical and obligatory usage of these tools would be rather questionable. Namely; the water resources values used in the water budgets of lowland areas are by no means statistical indices derived from real runoff data, but they are quotas set by the state administration. Consequently the outcome of such budgets is mainly irrelevant or uninteresting at least. The author claims that it is not desirable to consider water resource management an independent activity, but it should be handled as an important component of water management. Consequently it would not be expedient to develop an independent recipe-like methodology of water resources management, but a system of water management decisions should be rather elaborated, into which water resources management aspects are incorporated with appropriate weight. Determination of the priorities of water users must not anymore be the duty of the Water Service (e. g. of central water authority). In discussing information needed for making water management decisions the author points out the uncertainities of measuring discharge in lowland rivers and of making decisions on the sharing of international water resources. Interactions of natural rates of flow and the water intakes are also discussed along with the inadequacies of data on the water uses. The energy needed for meeting water demands is discussed separately, claiming that the building of river dams and the utilization of power produces by hydroelectric power plants could serve for reducing this demand, along with the introduction of water-saving technologies. The ecological value of water resources and the vulnerability of this value are discussed in the light of the drought of 1990 in the Tisza River Valley, when the ecological disaster of the impoundments upstream of the river dams of River Tisza was only avoided by the early recognition of the expectable problems followed by purposefully elaborated and applied modifications of the operation schedule of the river dams. The importance of increasing public awareness is emphasized. In this context the organized information of the public on the reasons and extent of the decreasing of water resources in the area between rivers Danube and Tisza is mentioned. Serious misbeliefs could be dispelled in such a way, and the support of the majority of the public was gained for the contemplated water management actions. Finally it is pointed out that water resources management methods can only reach their goals when surface- and subsurface water management problems are treated in a unified manner, involving both qualitative and quantitative aspects, and moreover, water and environmental management problems and their solutions are viewed through the broader frames of the various economic sectors and their water uses. * * * Bewirtschaftung der Wasservorräte in der Großen Ungarischen Tiefebene von Dr.-Ing Imre PALFA1 Anscließend an den Studienbericht des Forschungszentrums für Wasserwirtschaft VITUKI (1991) über die allgemeine Modernisierung der ungarischen Wasservorratswirtschaft, behandelt der Verfasser die besonderen Probleme der Bewirtschaftung der Wasservorräte in der Großen Ungarischen Tiefebene.