Vízügyi Közlemények, 1988 (70. évfolyam)
4. füzet - Nagy László-Reményi Péter: A bős-nagymarosi vízlépcsőrendszer környezeti hatástanulmánya
A bős-nagymarosi vízlépcsőrendszer környezeti hatástanulmánya 511 A study on the environmental cffects of the river barrage system of Bős-Nagymaros by Dr. L. NAGY, C E. and P. REMÉNYI, C.E. The River Barrage System of Bős-Nagymaros is under construction between the riverkms of 1696 and 1862 on the Danube that is largely the state borderline between Czechoslovakia and Hungary. The environment is affected on both sides. For the Hungarian side a report dealing with environmental effects has been issued in 1985 describing the present state of the area, exploring and characterizing the extent and strength of expected environmental harms by pointing to some unavoidable social and economic consequences. The study was based on 91 reports and it was the first in this field that was obligatorily recommended for implementation for interested organizations after having been sanctioned by the government. The barrage system is built to utilize the natural resources of the Danube stretch between Bratislava and Budapest influencing —at the same time —the physical, chemical and ecological conditions of the river and through it the social and natural realm of the region. It is important that the barrage system does not emit polluted material, whatsoever. The 67-page report was supplemented by 25 tables and 19 figures. The first part of the study was written to summarize the present state of the environment along the problematic stretch from the point of view of geography, geology, climatology, morphology, hydrology, water quality, flood-protection, water supply, wastewater treatment, agriculture, forestry, pedology, fisheries, urban development, recreation, industry and transportation. In this paper, primarily the aspects of water management are stressed. The second chapter is to show the effects of the barrages on adjecent Danube sections and on their surroundings. In descending order, the catchments of the Hungarian bank are discussed beginning with the area of Szigetköz down to the stretch downstream of Nagymaros. This point is not far from Budapest to the North. Changes are drawn on longitudinal sections depicting the backwater reaches located upstream of the barrages. Dammed water levels are compared to the water levels of maximum iceless floods (Fiy.l). Effects exerted on surface and subsurface water bodies are discussed in detail. Changes in agriculture, expected potential yield, scenic appearance and the consequences to be detected in industrial activities and transportation are analyzed. Social problems are also dealt with and further tasks in research are listed. Followingly, protective measures are pointed out from catchment to catchment: seepage canals, infiltration canals, dredging, the strengthening of protective dikes, pumping stations, beltcanals, protection of shorebank water bases, planned development in the protection of the scenery and of the touristic appeal with special regard on the barrage of Nagymaros in the Danube-Bend. Critique was largely concentrated on the planned daily fluctuations of the water level, discharge and velocities due to peak energy production parallel with the harms expected to occur to shorebank water reserves. Among the indirect effects fluctuation of the groundwater level presumably influencing agriculture and sylviculture in the area of Szigetköz are to be mentioned. The wastewater treatment of riparian settlements was emphasized in the investment plan. It is a basic requirement that all coordinated projects built to protect against the harms or lessen these —listed in the study —should be realized before operation is started. During operation the measures should be preferred which would serve to eliminate the phenomena that are dangerous for the environment. • # *
