Vízügyi Közlemények, 1986 (68. évfolyam)
3. füzet - Erdelics Barnabás-Iván György-Szlávik Lajos: A víz minőségének észlelése és védelme a Felső-Tisza vidékén
A v iz minőségének észlelése és védelme a Felső- Tisza vidéken 363 Канализация на Верхнем Затисье отстает от степени водопроводного обеспечения. Вследствие этого образуются сточные воды, в первую очередь бытовые сточные воды в размере 20-22 тыс. м 3/сутки, попадающие в каналы отвода осадков в грунт. Не решено также размещение жидкого навоза животноводческих ферм (табл. 5). Из 15 свинофери только в 6 обрабатываются жидкие навозы соответственно требованиям охраны качества вод. На 5 фермах очистка сточных вод частично лишь решена, а в 3 вообще не решена. В целях усиленной охраны качества вод нужно развивать очистные установки населенных пунктов, каналы, предназначенные для отвода осадков нужно защитить от промышленных, бытовых и других сточных вод. Нужно решить проблематичные вопросы очистки и размещения сточных вод некоторых промышленных предприятий. * * * Measurement and protection of the quality of waters in the Upper Tisza-Valley area by Dr. B. ERDELICS, dipl. professor of biology and geography, specialist in engineering biology, Gy. IVAN, hydraulic engineer, specialist in water resources management and Dr. L. SZLA VI К chemical engineer, dip!, sanitary engineer The water regime of the Upper Tisza-Valley area - located in the nort-eastern part of Hungary (Fig. 1) - is characterised by extremities as far as the spatial distribution of the water resources and the conditions for dilution of untreated effluents are concerned (Table I). The quality of waters was investigated in the area by several institutions (Fig. 1) with adequate frequency for more than 25 years. Information about the changes in quality of surface waters and about their present state is given in Figs. 2 to 5. Conditions of subsurface waters are diverse. Shallow groundwaters are basically polluted. Deep groundwaters, however, are clean and unpolluted. The amount of wastewaters developing in the Upper Tisza-Valley area was gradually increasing in the past 25 years (Fig. 6). In settlements supplied by public utilities, the technological water emitted by industrial plants are carried - after certain preliminary treatment - by the municipal canal system to the central treatment facilities. The development and construction of wastewater treatment plants was initiated in 1963 and has not yet been finished up until now. Realization of this task was considerably accelerated by annually collected fines (Fig. 7) and by parallel informative and propaganda work. The most important technical and quality data about the wastewater treatment facilities are presented in Table II and Table III, respectively. The industrial plants (Industrial Works of Hajdúság, the Starch Factory of Demecser, the Factory of TIFO in Nyírbogdány) established before 1960 and connected to the public wastewater network, developed further their treatment facilities and some had changed their profile (the Flax-Processing Plant of Nagyhalászi). Alone, the Canfood Factory of Tyúkod did not solve the treatment of its wastewaters. The water quality data pertaining to certain industrial plants are presented in TahU /I The level of canalization is substantially lower in the Upper Tisza-Valley than that of the water supply. As a consequence, 20-22 thousand m 3 primarily domestic wastewater reaches daily the storm-drainage network and the soil. Disposal of liquid manure of animal farms is also unresolved ( Table V) . From among 15 hog farms only 6 handle their liquid manure in an appropriate way. In 5 farms, wastewater treatment is partially organized, in 3 it was completely unresolved. In order to more efficiently protect the quality of waters, it is unavoidable in the area to develop further the capacity of the wastewater treatment plants of settlements and storm-drainage canals must be protected against their use by industrial, domestic and other effluents. Treatment and disposal problems of some industrial and agricultural plants must be reconsidered and resolved. * + •
