Vízügyi Közlemények, 1982 (64. évfolyam)
2. füzet - Kaurek Róbert és Szappanos Ferenc: A BALATON DÉLI VÍZGYŰJTŐJE ÉS A FELSZÍNI VIZEK MINŐSÉGE
218 Kaurek R. és Szappanos F. Из мероприятий, необходимых к достижению целевого состояния авторы особое значение придают регулированию качества вод при помощи водохранилищ. Предложено, в южной части водосбора Балатона создать водохранилища суммарным объемом в 76 милл м 3 и суммарной поверхностью в 40 км 2, (рис. 4, табл. V.) * * * The southern catehment of Lake lialaton and the quality of surface waters by R. KAUREK and F. SZAPPANOS The surface runoff originating from the southern sub-catchment (Fig. 1 ) of Lake Balaton has been analysed for its quality (Figs. 2, 3), and the sources of pollution have been surveyed (Tables I—IV). The authors have finally outlined a water quality target condition, specifying the quality upgrading tasks considered necessary to achieve it. As regards the pollution load on Lake Balaton, the waters from the adjacent marsh areas were found to play a role of paramount importance. The pollution originating therefrom (described in terms of area unit values) is higher by orders of magnitude than the corresponding parameters of the runoff contributed by the more distant cathcment parts. At the times of floods streamflow observations and quality analyses were performed with regular monthly frequency at different hours of the day. From the results thereof it could be concluded that — the concentration of the pollutants carried into Lake Balaton during the floods varies substantially with the flood hydrograph ( Fig. 2), — the flood waves transport to Lake Balaton round two-thirds of the dissolved substances and nutrients. From the results of the survey on the origins and sources of pollution it could be established that besides the concentrated, point sources ( Fig. 2) the diffuse pollution originating from the entire catchment plays a dominant role. The two main branches of agriculture, namely plant growing and animal farming contribute considerable shares thereof. In identifying the tasks considered necessary for improving water quality the following basic principles have been observed : — The quality of water in Lake Balaton depends fundamentally on the human activities in the catchment area. — The volumes of water required for maintaining the lake level, and especially those for meeting the water demands in the catchment can be secured from reservoirs to be constructed. From the results of their own investigations the authors arrived at the conclusion that the reservoirs operated according to a preset schedule have a positively beneficial effect on water quality. The authors have outlined a desirable water quality target condition in terms of five quality parameters. The measures considered necessary for achieving this target condition include quality improvement by storage, to which special importance is attributed. In the southern sub-catchment of Lake Balaton twelve potential storage sites have been identified for reservoirs of round 40 million km 2 surface area and 76 million m 3 total volume (Fig. 4 and Table V). * * *
